Quiz (5 marks)

Identify the skills and sub skills needed for a System Analyst.

SKJ4632 Principles of Software Design Specification

The traditional systems development lifecycle

Topic & structure of the lesson

The traditional systems development lifecycle
Stages (Phases) of Systems Development Project Initiation:
Feasibility Studies
Technical Operational Economic Schedule

Learning Outcomes
By the end of this module, YOU should be able:
describe two paradigms of analysis and design, specifically object-oriented and structured approaches

Key terms you must be able to use

If you have mastered this topic, you should be able to use the following terms correctly in your assignments and exams:
Systems Development Lifecycle Feasibility Studies PIECES framework

The System Life Cycle

Software crisis systems delivered were
late over budget unreliable difficult to maintain did not do what was required

System life cycle - an attempt to establish structured approach to systems analysis and design

The System Life Cycle

divides the development of a system into stages
Problem Definition Feasibility Study

Analysis
System Design Detailed Design

Implementation
Maintenance

The System Life Cycle

specified
the general nature of activities involved in each stage the sequence in which these activities should be ordered the output or deliverables from each stage

The importance of feasibility study

Why is feasibility study important?
to determine whether a project has a reasonable chance of success

When are all projects feasible ?

NO tight budgetary & time constraints

Technical Feasibility
Process of determining whether the organization has the technology resources to develop or purchase, install, and operate the system.
Is the proposed technology or solution practical? Do we currently possess the necessary technology? Do we possess the necessary technical expertise, and is the schedule reasonable? If the technology is not available, can it be acquired?

Operational Feasibility
The process of assessing the degree to which a proposed system solves business problems or takes advantage of business opportunities refers to a system that users will accept and use effectively to support business objectives The PIECES framework can help identify operational problems to be solved and their urgency

PIECES framework
Performance Information Economy Control Efficiency Services

Schedule Feasibility
The process of assessing the degree to which the potential time frame and completion dates for all major activities within a project meet organizational deadlines and constraints for affecting change.

Quick Review Question

What tool or technique is used to determine the schedule feasibility?

Economic feasibility
consists of 2 tests :
Is the anticipated value of the benefits greater than projected costs of development? (cost / benefit analysis) Does the organization have adequate cash flow to fund the project during the development period?

Economic feasibility
cost-benefit analysis
process of identifying the financial benefits and costs associated with a development project

Cost Classifications
Tangible / Intangible costs Direct / Indirect costs Fixed / Variable costs Developmental / Operational costs

Benefit classifications
Positive / Cost-avoidance benefits

Strategies for cost-benefit analysis

Payback Analysis
Accumulated Benefits equal Accumulated Costs

Return on Investment Analysis

% of (total benefits total costs) / (total costs)

Net Present Value Analysis

Value of a dollar years from now based on a discount rate

Quick Review Question

What is present value analysis and what does it measure? What is the meaning of the phrase, time value of money?

Follow Up Assignment
Draw a chart which summarizes the stages of the life cycle, and the deliverables at each stage

Summary of Main Teaching Points

The traditional systems development lifecycle
Stages (Phases) of Systems Development Project Initiation:
Feasibility Studies
Technical Operational Economic Schedule

Question and Answer Session

Q&A