OPTICAL PACKET SWITCHING

Done by :
ARUN JOY
R7A11
 WHAT IS A SWITCH ??
 Device that channels incoming data from any of the multiple input
ports to any of the output ports.

 SWITCHING TYPES
 CIRCUIT SWITCHING

 PACKET SWITCHING

o In circuit switching a dedicated path is established for

communication. E.g.: telephone networks

o In packet switching, the messages to be transmitted is broken to

small PACKETS.
 Today’s switching networks
 ROUTING and TRANSMISSION are the two functions
required to move packets through networks

 The router uses the information in the packet-(IP header,

Type, Priority) to
route the packets from input to output
with minimal packet loss
 Optic fibers
 A medium for transmitting information in the
form of light pulses along a glass/fiber
 Also known as LIGHT PIPE
 Provides greater bandwidth
 WAVE LENGTH DIVISION
MULTIPLEXING (WDM)
• A technology used to increase the information
rate
• Here multiple signals can traverse through a
single strand of optic fiber
 USE
• By the use of this technology, optic fiber
transmission system can carry 32-80
wavelengths modulated @ 2.5gbps-10gbps per
wavelength
OPTICAL TRANSMISSION MEDIA
• In MAN, links between the nodes are optical
fibers
• Here packets are in the optical format
• O-E-O conversion are required at the interface
 LIMITATIONS
• LIMITED PACKET PROCESSING
• SLOW OPERATION
• COST AND COMPLEXITY
• CROSS TALK
These limitations degrades the performance of
the system affecting the bandwidth
 SOLUTION!
• The solution is OPTICAL PACKET SWITCHING

• The signals are being processed by means of

OPTICAL SWITCH FABRIC

OPTICAL SWITCH FABRIC

OPTICAL SIGNALS OPTICAL SIGNALS
SWITCH ARCHITECTURE
An OPS node consists of
following components

3. INPUT INTERFACE

5. SWITCHING MATRIX

7. BUFFER

9. OUTPUT INTERFACE

5. ELECTRONIC CONTROL
UNIT
 1.INPUT INTERFACE
• Wave length conversion
->conversion of external to internal
wavelengths
->identification of the beginning and end of the
header and payload
• Provides synchronization
• Header processing
 CONTROL UNIT
• Processing routing information
• Updates header information
• Forwards header to output interface
 SWITCHING MATRIX
• Optical switching of the payloads according to
the commands from the control unit
 OUTPUT INTERFACE
• Provides 3R(reamplification,reshaping,retiming)
regeneration
• Attaches updated header to corresponding
optical payload
• Conversion of internal to external wavelength
• resynchronization
 GENERAL PACKET FORMAT
• A generic packet format consists of
 Header
 Payload
 Additional GUARD BANDS before and after
payload
 PACKET HEADER
• A packet header may comprise of following
fields
 Sync- provides synchronization

 Source Label-provides source node address

 Destination Label-provides destination node

address
 Type-type and priority of the carried payload
 continued…
 Sequence Number: Packet sequence
number to reorder packets arriving out of order
and guarantee in-order packet delivery

 OAM: Operation, Administration, Maintenance

 HEC: Head Error Correction

 OPTICAL SWITCHING
TECHNIQUES
• Two types of optical switching techniques

1.ALL OPTICAL LABEL SWAPPING (AOLS)

2.LIQUID CRYSTAL SWITCHES

ALL OPTICAL LABEL SWAPPING
 Consists of Optical Core Networks
1.Edge Router
2.Core Router

 Here Packets can be routed independent of

Payload Bit Rate, Coding format ,length etc

 Can handle IP packets as well as ATM cells

 LABEL
• A Lower Bit Rate (LABEL) is attached to the
front of the packet
• A LABEL contains-
1.Error checking information
2. Source Information
3. Destination Information
4. Framing and timing information
 PROCESS
• Packets entered through EDGE nodes (source
side) is encapsulated with the optical label
• Header is removed.
• At internal CORE nodes, the label is optically
erased, embedded with a new label
• The payloads with the label gets routed in the
networks
• At the Edge nodes (destination side) ,the label is
Erased back to packet payload
• Updated header is encapsulated to the payload
All optical label swapping
 2.LIQUID CRYSTAL SWITCHES
• Principle : -when an electric field is applied to
liquid crystal, the molecules line up and
become opaque
• The molecules are so thin and straight, will
allow light of a particular orientation to pass
through the liquid crystal
• It consists of 2 components
4. CELL
5. DISPLACER
 CELL AND DISPLACER
CELL: Formed by placing the liquid crystal between 2
plates of glass
• Glass is coated with oxide materials that conducts
electricity
• The function is to REORIENT the polarized light
entering the cell
DISPLACER:
• It is a composite crystal that directs the polarized light
leaving the cell
 conclusion
• The new technology –regarded as ULTIMATE
SOLUTION to bandwidth needs PROVIDING
->IMPROVED EFFICIENCY

->LOW COSTS

->UTILISE DWDM
 THANK YOU!!!
•
QUESTIONS ????
 DONE BY
• ARUN JOY

• 7TH SEMESTER,DEPARTMENT OF
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGG,
SREE NARAYANA GURUKULAM
COLLAGE OF
ENGINEERING,KADAYIRUPPU.