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WASTE MANAGEMENT

Venk atesh K BS
 INTROD UCT ION

• Wast e m an agem ent is the collection, transport, processing or

disposal of waste materials, usually ones produced by human
activity, in an effort to reduce their effect on human health or
local amenity.
• Waste management can involve solid, liquid or gaseous wastes,
with different methods and fields of expertise for each.
• 3R Reduce-Reuse-Recycle

Sources of waste for European Environment Agency countries, 1992-1997

 WASTE IN IND IA

• According to a study done by The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI),

annual per capita municipal solid waste generation in India is projected to
grow from 1 to 1. 33 p er cen t, which would lead to a generation of over
26 0 milli on to nes of waste by 2047.

• Methane emissions from landfills are projected to reach 39 m il li on ton es

by 2047, from 7 million tones in 1997.

• On the other hand, waste management responses have not kept pace with
the increasing quantities of waste resulting in
(a) a high proportion of uncollected waste, and
(b) poor standards of transportation, storage, treatment and disposal
 WASTE OR RES OURCE

About 0.1 million tonnes of municipal solid waste is

generated in India every day. That is approximately 36.5
million tonnes annually.

Per capita waste generation in major Indian cities ranges

from 0.2 Kg to 0.6 Kg.

Difference in per capita waste generation between lower

and higher income groups range between 180 to 800 gm
per day.

The urban local bodies spend approximately Rs.500 to

Rs.1500 per tonne on solid waste for collection,
transportation, treatment and disposal. About 60-70% of
this amount is spent on collection, 20-30% on
transportation and less than 5% on final disposal.
INTEGRTAED SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT
PUBLIC ED UCATION & INVOLVEM ENT

ADOPT ION

MAINT ENA NC E
TRIAL

AW ARENES S

EVALUAT ION
INT EREST

News release, news articles,

guest spots on radio, flyers,
Posters, billboards, commercials,
AW ARENES S
 FACIL ITY SITING & PERMITT ING
Dec ide- anno unc e- defend
3 Pha se fra mew or k

Phase 1

Identifying the problem

Designing the siting

Choosing site feasibility
Planning framework

Assigning alternatives
Phase 2 : site selection & design
Selecting the site

Designing the facility

Phase 3 : Implementation
Operations

Management

Closing future & land uses

 Developing a waste manangement
program
• Characterizing community’s waste is a crucial step

• Methods for characterizing waste

Mod elli ng Te chni ques
Phy si cal Se par at ion Tech ni ques
Direct Meas ure men t T echn iques
• Organizing a waste management program
• Successful organization focuses on the 5 "Ps

planning price publicity politics perseverance

COLLECTION & TRANSFER

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 Public & private collection/transfer
 Municipal collection
 Contract collection
 Private collection
Determining the system funding
structure
 Property tax
 Flat fee system
 Variable rate system
 Hybrid funding methods
 Pick up points for collection

Curb side/ alley collection

Backyard set out – set back collection
Backyard carry collection
Drop off at specified collection point
 Frequency of collection
 The greater the level of service, the more costly
the collection system will be to operate.

 Factors to consider when setting collection

frequency include the cost, customer
expectations, storage limitations, and climate.

 Most municipalities offer collection once or

twice a week, with collection once a week being
prevalent. Crews collecting once per week can
collect more tons of waste per hour, but are able
to make fewer stops per hour than their twice-
a-week counterparts.
 RECYCLING
• Designing an efficient recycling program requires a
systems approach. Decisions about collecting, marketing,
and processing recyclables are interrelated
• An efficient recycling program requires a systems
approach—all program components are interrelated;
decisions about one must be made with other components
in mind. Successful recycling also requires enthusiastic
public participation, and programs must be designed with
public convenience and support in mind.
Successful marketing of recyclables
• This requires accurate ma rk et knowl edg e and sha re
dec isio n ma king

Mark et ing of r ecy clables

Contracting
Contacting Selecting with
Identifying
buyers buyers buyers
buyers
 Ways to collect recyclables
Residential waste drop off & buy back
collection
Curbside collection options
Source collection
Mixed waste collection
 Composting
• Composting involves the aerobic biological decomposition of
organic materials to produce a stable humus-like product.
Biodegradation is a natural, ongoing biological process that is
a common occurrence in both human-made and natural
 COMBUSTION
• A decision many communities face is determining whether a
waste-to energy (WTE) system might be a feasible component
of their integrated solid waste management program

•
 LAND DISPOSAL
• The basis of a good solid waste management system is the
municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill. MSW landfills provide
for the environmentally sound disposal of waste that cannot
be reduced, recycled, composted, combusted, or processed
in some other manner
• La ndfi ll is a waste disposal site for the deposit of the waste
onto or into land (i.e. underground), including: Internal waste
disposal sites (i.e. landfill where a producer of waste is
carrying out its own waste disposal at the place of
production), and a permanent site (i.e. more than one year),
which is used for temporary storage of waste, but excluding
THANK YOU