CHAPTER 4 : HEAT 4.

1: Thermal Equilibrium
(Keseimbangan terma)
Chapter 4 : Heat # 4.1 : Thermal equilibrium 1

Thermal Equilibrium
Block A is hot and block B is at room temperature. What will happen to the temperature of the blocks if the two blocks are in direct physical contact?

98 ? C C

? 27 C C

Block A

Chapter 4 : Heat # 4.1 : Thermal equilibrium

Block B

Thermal Equilibrium
Faster rate of energy transfer from A to B
Block A (Hot) Block B (Cold)

Slower rate of energy transfer from B to A

releases heat while cold block B The hot block A absorbs heat. . Temperature of block A decreases, the temperature of block B increases. The net result is the transfer of heat energy from the hot object to the cold object.
Chapter 4 : Heat # 4.1 : Thermal equilibrium 3

Thermal Equilibrium
What happens to rate of heat transfer after sometimes?
37C 37C

Block A

Block B

Thermal equilibrium
same rate between After sometimes, heat is transferred at the .. the two blocks. heat transferred between the two object The net rate of .. zero becomes . equal to the temperature of block B. The temperature of block A is ..

thermal equilibrium . The two objects are said to be in .

Thermal Equilibrium
When two objects are in thermal equilibrium; no net flow of heat between two objects. There is . same temperature . Two objects have the .
PHYSICS IS FUN!
Unit for temperature: Fahrenheit, F Kelvin, K Celsius,C 0 C = 273 K
Chapter 4 : Heat # 4.1 : Thermal equilibrium

Example of Thermal Equilibrium

Chapter 4 : Heat # 4.1 : Thermal equilibrium

Example of Thermal Equilibrium

Chapter 4 : Heat # 4.1 : Thermal equilibrium

Liquid-in-glass Thermometer
How liquid in glass works?

mercury The bulb contains a fixed mass of liquid such as

2 When the liquid absorb heat it will . expand and rise in the capillary tube. 3 length of the liquid in the capillary tube Therefore the magnitude of the temperature indicates the
Chapter 4 : Heat # 4.1 : Thermal equilibrium 8

Liquid-in-glass Thermometer
How a thermometer is calibrated? A temperature scale is obtained by choosing two temperatures, called the fixed point.
Fixed point Lower point: Ice point Definition The temperature of pure melting ice Value 0C

Upper point: Steam point

The temperature of steam 100C from water that boiling under atmospheric pressure
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Chapter 4 : Heat # 4.1 : Thermal equilibrium

Liquid-in-glass Thermometer
The range between the fixed points is divided into 100 equal divisions and each division equal 1C. The thermometer is calibrated and ready for use.

Chapter 4 : Heat # 4.1 : Thermal equilibrium

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Liquid-in-glass Thermometer

temperature, = 0 x 100C 100 0

Chapter 4 : Heat # 4.1 : Thermal equilibrium 11

Liquid-in-glass Thermometer
Calculate the value of temperature, T.

Ans:

T = 57C

Chapter 4 : Heat # 4.1 : Thermal equilibrium

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Liquid-in-glass Thermometer
The characteristics of the liquid used in liquid-in-glass thermometer: Easily seen Expand and contract over a wide range of temperature ................................. Not stick to the glass wall of the capillary tube. .

Chapter 4 : Heat # 4.1 : Thermal equilibrium

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Liquid-in-glass Thermometer
Mercury is used in thermometer because:

high boiling point, 357 C It has .. uniformly when heated It expand . opaque (does not allow light to pass through) It is. and can be seen easily It is a good conductor of heat
How to increase the sensitivity of a mercury thermometer?

Thin capillary tube . glass bulb with thinner wall A smaller glass bulb A .. Chapter 4 : Heat
# 4.1 : Thermal equilibrium

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Quick test 1

Chapter 4 : Heat # 4.1 : Thermal equilibrium

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Ans:

T = 248 K

Chapter 4 : Heat # 4.1 : Thermal equilibrium

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Chapter 4 : Heat # 4.1 : Thermal equilibrium

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Chapter 4 : Heat # 4.1 : Thermal equilibrium

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End~
Homework: Buku Bank page 68 question no. 1 -11 and page 78 question no. 1 .

Chapter 4 : Heat # 4.1 : Thermal equilibrium

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