Acceptance Quality Levels

How to Use MIL-STD-105E

Primary Concept
1. 2. 3. The AQL is designed to most often accept lots of material having defect percentages equal to the AQL value The process average was measured and is stable and acceptable The part is either good and bad. In case of evaluating a single complex product, the characteristic is either acceptable or unacceptable

4.
5.

The defects are randomly distributed, and the sample is taken randomly
The probability of finding a defect stays the same as samples are taken

The part is defective if only one characteristic or more are defective The characteristic is either good and bad.

Random Sample
Random Sample
Sample is taken by using random number table Each part to be check is assigned a random number

Formation the Lot

Lot or batch consist of units of products of a single type, grade, class, size or composition

AQL Process Average OP curve

Concept of AQL Sampling Procedure
To accept material that has a process average less defective than the AQL level
Probability of acceptance 100 %

Theoretical Curve

Actual curve
Theoretical curve

A lot of parts that has a defect percentage equal to or less than the AQL percent defective will always be rejected Actual Curve The shape of the curve is depend on sample size. As sample size increase for a particular AQL, the shape is close to the theoretical curve

% Defective

100 %

Operational characteristic Curve

Probability of Finding a Defect

Probability Distribution used
Binomial Distribution For Sample sizes 80 or less

Assumption
The probability finding a defect stay the same as a sample is removed from the population

Poisson Distribution
For sample sizes more than 80

Probability (k non-conforming items out of N chosen) =

The Poisson equation is given by:

P (no. of non-conformities = k) =

where k = 0, 1, 2, 3, ... where k = 0, 1, 2, N-1, N p = probability of an item being non-conforming, l = average rate of non-conformities e = 2.71828...

Normal - Tightened Reduced

Use Normal First ! Criteria for change from normal to reduced
Ten consecutive lots must be accepted by normal inspection during the original inspection Total number of defect must be meet the respective table Production must be at a steady rate Reduced inspection must be considered desirable

Criteria for change from reduced to normal

Lot rejection on original inspection or accept number is exceeded

Criteria for change from normal to tightened inspection

Two out of two, three, four or five consecutive lots or batches are rejected during original inspection

AQL Simulation
Determine the lots size of products Determine the quality level of the production Select the sampling plan on the AQL table, start from normal inspection Prepare the sample, using random table Inspect the sample and judge the lots

Try to use another level of inspection

Acceptance Quality Level (AQL) Lot Size

1. Lot Size 02~08 09~15 16~25 26~50 51~90 91~150 151~280 281~500 501~1200 1201~3200 3201~10000 10001~35000 35001~150000 S1 A A A A B B B B C C C C D Special inspection standard S2 S3 A A A A A B B B B C B C C D C D C E D E D F D F E G S4 A A B C C D E E F G G H J General inspection Standard GI GII GIII A A A A B C B C D C D E C E F D F G E G H F H J G J K H K L J L M K M N M P Q

Level is represent the degree of discrimination need, where level I is used when less discrimination. Level II is generally use.

The Sx Levels are use when relatively small sample sizes are needed and large sampling risk can be tolerance
Note : refers to Mil Std 105 e if in doubt

Acceptance Quality Level (AQL)

Sample Size

Acceptance quality standard

0.1 0.15 0.25 0.4 0.65 1 1.5 2.5 AC RE AC RE AC RE AC RE AC RE AC RE AC RE AC RE

A B C D E F G H J K L M N

2 3 5 8 13 20 32 50 80 125 200 315 500

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 2 3 1 2 3 2 3 4 1 1 2 3 5 2 3 4 6 1 1 2 3 5 7 2 3 4 6 8 1 1 1 1

1 2 1 2 2 3 1 2 2 3 3 4 2 3 3 4 5 6 3 4 5 6 7 8 5 6 7 8 10 11 7 8 10 11 14 15 10 11 14 15 21 22

Note : refers to Mil Std 105 e if in doubt