SQL

This presentation will cover:

A Brief History of DBMS

View

in database MySQL installation

SQL DBMS History

DBMS History

The IBMs System/R was not the first DBMS. The first to market was Relational Software's product named Oracle The second was Relational Technology's Ingres.
IBM then released improved products in 1982 named SQL/DS and DB2. Oracle and DB2 in nth generation forms while the Ingres technology was bought by Computer Associates.

SQL - Standards

SQL is a open language without corporate ownership.

The ANSI-SQL (American National Standards Institute) group has published three standards over the years:
SQL89 (SQL1) SQL92 (SQL2) SQL99 (SQL3)

The majority of the language has not changed through these updates. The SQL standard from ANSI is considered the "pure" SQL and called ANSI-SQL.

SQL Enhanced features

Every DBMS vendor wants their products to be different. So most products offers extra features, these additions are generally not compatible with competitor's SQL products. It is always safest to stick with pure SQL
The enhancements are not all bad because these extensions are very useful.

For example, most DBMS sold today have an automatic way to assign a serial number feature since serial numbering is so common. However, the method of implementation is not uniform.

What is a View?

In SQL, a VIEW is a virtual relation based on the result-set of a SELECT statement.

A view contains rows and columns, just like a real table. The fields in a view are fields from one or more real tables in the database. In some cases, we can modify a view and present the data as if the data were coming from a single table. Syntax: CREATE VIEW view_name AS SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name WHERE condition

SQL Relations, Tables & Views

When we say Relation, it could be a Table or a View. There are three kind of relations:

1.

Stored relations tables We sometimes use the term base relation or base table 2. Virtual relations views 3. Temporary results

SQL Create View

Example: Create a view with title and year and made by Paramount studio.

Movie (title, year, length, inColor, studioName, producerC#) CREATE VIEW ParamountMovie AS SELECT title,year FROM Movie WHERE studioName = Paramount;

SQL Querying View

A view could be used from inside a query, a stored procedure, or from inside another view. By adding functions, joins, etc., to a view, it allows us to present exactly the data we want to the user.
View SELECT title FROM ParamountMovie WHERE year = 1979; Have same result as Table SELECT title FROM Movie WHERE studioName = Paramount AND year = 1979;

SQL - Querying View cont

Query involving both view and table SELECT DISTINCT starName View FROM ParamountMovie, StarsIn Table WHERE title = movieTitle AND year = movieYear;

SQL - Querying View example

Movie (title, year, length, inColor, studioName, producerC#) MovieExec (name, address, cert#, netWorth)

CREATE VIEW MovieProd AS SELECT title, name FROM Movie, MovieExec WHERE producerC# = cert#; SELECT name FROM MovieProd WHERE title = Gone With the Wind;

Same result as query from tables SELECT name FROM Movie, MovieExec WHERE producerC# = cert# AND title = The War Of the World;

SQL - Renaming Attributes in View

Sometime, we might want to distinguish attributes by giving the different name.

CREATE VIEW MovieProd (movieTitle, prodName) AS SELECT title, name FROM Movie, MovieExec WHERE producerC# = cert#;

SQL - Modifying View

When we modify a view, we actually modify a table through a view. Many views are not updateable. Here are rules have been defined in SQL for updateable views:

selecting (SELECT not SELECT DISTINCT) some attributes from one relation R (which may itself be an updateable view)

The WHERE clause must not involve R in a subquery. The list in the SELECT clause must include enough attributes that will allow us to insert tuples into the view as well as table. All other attributes will be filled out with NULL or the proper default values.

SQL Modifying View (INSERT)

INSERT INTO ParamountMovie VALUES (Star Trek, 1979); To make the view ParamountMovie updateable, we need to add attribute studioName to its SELECT clause because it makes more sense if the studioName is Paramount instead of NULL. CREATE VIEW ParamountMovie AS
SELECT studioName, title, year FROM Movie WHERE studioName = Paramount;

Then
INSERT INTO ParamountMovie VALUES (Paramount, Star Trek, 1979); Title year length Star Trek 1979 0 inColor NULL studioName Paramount producerC# NULL

SQL - Modifying View (DELETE)

Suppose we wish to delete all movies with Trek in their title from the updateable view ParamountMovie.
DELETE FROM ParamountMovie WHERE title LIKE %Trek%;

It is turned into the base table delete

DELETE FROM Movie WHERE title LIKE %Trek% AND studioName = Paramount;

SQL - Modifying View (UPDATE)

UPDATE from an updateable view

UPDATE ParamountMovie SET year = 1979 WHERE title = Star Trek the Movie;

It is turned into the base table update

UPDATE Movie SET year = 1979 WHERE title = Star Trek the Movie AND studioName = Paramount;

SQL View (DROP)

DROP view: All views can be dropped, whether or not the view is updateable.
DROP VIEW ParamountMovie;

DROP VIEW does not affect any tuples of the underlying relation (table) Movie. However, DROP TABLE will delete the table and also make the view ParamountMovie unusable.
DROP TABLE Movie

SQL - Download MySQL

Go to http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/ and download:

MySQL (Windows User / version 4.1.10a, 5.0.2alpha has bug that keep shutting down the service) MySQL Administrator MySQL Query Browser

SQL Install MySQL

During the installation

you can <Skip Sing-Up> to fast installation Will run Configuration Wizard right after installation automatically If the service wont start, press <cancel>, then run Configuration Wizard manually again

Run MySQL Server Instance Config Wizard from windows menu

use default setting unless you know what you are doing Modify Security Setting (option: you can start service without doing this) Execute

If there is an error, try press <back> to go back, then press <next> to <execute> again
Try different port number if you are using networking.

TCP / IP Networking

SQL - MySQL Administrator

MySQL Administrator come with MySQL System Tray Monitor allow you to configure your server Run MySQL Administrator For the first time, you may not have Stored connection, you can <Add new Connection> and give the Connection name. Server Host: type localhost If you dont use networking

SQL - MySQL Query Browser

Run MySQL Query Browser Give a name for the Default Schema

Schema means Database instance

You can type command line into the top box or right Click on schemata to create new table

SQL - Bibliography

First Course In Database Systems, Jeffery D. Ullman and Jennifer Widom,1997 Prentice Hall, Inc. http://mysql.com