PUPUK P dan K

Phosphorus Sources
Inorganic P Sources
Rock Phosphate Bone Meal P fertilizer

Organic-based P sources
Green Manures - ? Manures Composts
Composted Manures Composted Plant Biomass

 Manufactured from mined apatite minerals

Apatite is treated with H2SO4 or H3PO4 to form various inorganic P fertilizers:
superphosphate (0-20-0) solid triple superphosphate (0-45-0) mono ammonium phosphate (11-52-0) di ammonium phosphate (18-46-0) ammonium polyphosphate (10-34-0) Phosphoric Acid (0-52-0)

Phosphorus Fertilizers

solid solid solid liquid liquid

Organic: manures contain 0.5 to 2.0% P

P analysis in commercial fertilizers is expressed as %P2O5

Common phosphate fertilizers with ammonium

Monoammonium phosphate (MAP)
NH4H2PO4 pH of 0.1M solution is 4.0
H2PO4- HPO42- + H+

Diammonium phosphate (DAP)

(NH4)2HPO4 pH of 0.1M solution is 7.8
HPO42- H2PO4- + OH-

Ammonium polyphosphate (APP)

pH 6.0 6.5 Hydrolysis reaction
Photos courtesy of Agrium

Sauchelli, 1965

BFA BFA
H2SO4 H2SO4 H3PO4 TSP 0-46-0 Superfosfat beramonia 8-16-0 H2SO4 H3PO4 NH3 H2SO4 NH3

Pupuk P

H2SO4

H2SO4

HCl

Normal Super Fosfat

0-20-0

Asam Super Fosfat

NH3 Fosfat nitrat

Amonium Fosfat 11-55-0 18-46-0 NH3

NH3

SP 36
0-36-0

Amonium Polifosfat

Amonium Fosfat
11-55-0 18-46-0

Methods of P fertilization
Most common application of P fertilizers: Broadcast fertilizer over the soil surface and then incorporate it with a tillage operation. Alternative: Band with the seed, or two inches below and to the side of the seed at planting. Broadcast-incorporation is less time consuming and is popular when large acreages must be fertilized and planted in a short period of time, or labor is scarce.

Methods of nutrient placement

Broadcasting
Broadcast TSP followed by listing (making beds)

Maricopa, AZ

Preplant Applications
Broadcast
Uniform distribution of dry or liquid materials over the soil surface Can be mechanically incorporated Can be incorporated by rain or irrigation
Liquid manure from hog feeding being pumped onto farmland in Iowa, USDA-NRCS

Band Application

Surface band near transplanted broccoli, sprinkler-irrigated Oregon

Side-dressing lettuce with liquid N fertilizer, Yuma

Fertigation

Nutrient Considerations
Phosphorus
Banding minimizes soil:fertilizer contact
Minimizes reversion

Banding is generally more efficient in soils with lower amounts of available P At higher levels of available P banding and broadcasting result in similar efficiencies Apply just before or at planting
Less time for reversion to occur

Model Response Curve

Maximum Profit

Crop Response

Maximum Yield

Amount of Input

Fertilizer K Sources
Source
Potassium chloride, KCl Potassium sulfate, K2SO4

Analysis
0-0-60 (62) 0-0-50 - 17

Potassium nitrate, KNO3

Potassium-magnesium sulfate, K2SO4.2MgSO4 Potassium thiosulfate, K2S2O3

13-0-44
0-0-22-22-11 0-0-25-17

Potassium chloride (KCl)

95% dari seluruh pupuk K Harga paling ,murah 60-63% potassium oxide (K2O) Yang berwarna merah mengandung Besi Yang berwarna putih, besinya dihilangkan Nilai pupuk darike 2 nya sama KCl berbentuk pril/butiran

Often referred to as Muriate of Potash.

Sumber K yang mudah larut dlm air

Fertilizer K Management

Potassium sulfate (K2SO4):

Contains 50-53% K2O, 18% S, and no more than 2.5% Cl. Major use is for chloride sensitive crops. More expensive than KCl

 Potassium-magnesium Sulfate (K2SO4.2MgSO4)

Sul-Po-Mag or K-Mag 22%potassium chloride, 11% Mg, and 22% S Used when Magnesium or Sulfur is required

Potassium Nitrate (KNO3) saltpeter

44% Potassium chloride and 13% N Excellent but expenxive

Pemakaian pupuk K

Sebaiknya dibenamkan agar mencapai daerah perakaran. Disebarkan dipermukaan (Broadcasting) Diberikan secara jalur 2 X, sejalur dg baris tanaman. Langsung bersamaan dengan biji jika bijinya kecil (Directly with seed), tetapi harus hati2 jika memerlukan K banyak

TERIMA
KASIH