9.

5 Parallel Lines
Parallel lines are straight lines which lie in same plane and do not intersect far they are extended. The symbol for parallel is // thus AB//CD is read AB is parallel to CD. In diagrams, arrows are used to indicate that lines are parallel. A transversal of two or more lines is a line that cuts across these lines. Thus EF is transversal of AB and CD.

Interior angles formed by two lines cut by a transversal are the angles between the two lines, while exterior angles are those on the outside. Thus, of the eight angles formed by AB and CD cut by EF, the interior angles are 1, 2, 3, 4; the exterior angles are 5, 6, 7, and 8

A. Pairs of Angles Formed by Two Lines Cut by a Transversal

1. Corresponding angles of two parallel lines cut by a transversal are angles on the same side of the transversal and on the same side of the lines. Thus 1 and 5 are corresponding angles of AB and CD cut by transversal EF. Note that the two angles are to the right of the transversal and below the lines. 3 and 7 , 4 and 8, 2 and 6 are pairs of angles which are correspoding.

2. Alternate interior angles of two parallel lines cut by a transversal are non adjacent angles between the two lines. Thus 1 and 7 or 2 and 8 are pairs of alternate interior angles. 3. 3 and 5, 4 and 6 are pairs of alternate exterior angles. 4. 1 and 8, 2 and 7 are pairs of co interior angles 5. 3 and 6, 4 and 5 are pairs of co exterior angles

B. Properties of parallel lines

1. Two lines are parallel if a pair of corresponding angles is equal. Thus, l1//l2 if a=b. Conversely is also true. If two lines are parallel, then each pair of corresponding angles are equal (Corresponding angles of parallel lines are equal)

2. Two lines are parallel if a pair of alternate interior angles is equal. Thus l1//l2 if c=d. Conversely, if two lines are parallel, each pair of alternate interior angles is equal (Alternate interior angles of parallel lines are equal) 3. Two lines are parallel if pair of consecutive interior angles is supplementary. Thus, l1//l2 if e=f are supplementary. Conversely, if consecutive angles is supplementary.

C. Dividing a Segment into Equals Parts

1. Draw a line segment that is about 5cm long. Label the endpoints A and B. Choose any point C not on AB. Draw AC 2. Using any length, place the compass point at A and make an arc intersecting AC at D 3. Using the same compass setting, make additional arcs on AC. Label the points EF, and G so that AD=DE=EF=FG

4. Draw GB. Construct a line parallel to GB through D. Continue constructing parallel lines and label the points as shown. Explain why AJ=JK=KL=LB

Line AT is divided into 5 equal parts, AD=DE=EF=FG. Similarly, AJ=JK=KL=LB. Hence, we can conclude i. AD:DF= 1:2 AJ:JL = 1:2 so, AD:DF=AJ:JL ii. AE:DG=2:3 AK:JB= 2:3 so, AE:DG=AK:JB

iii. AF:FG=3:1 AL:LB=3:1 so, AF:FG=AL:LB iv. AG:AE=4:2 AB:AK=4:2 so, AG:AE=AB:AK