Outline

Sustainable Transportation Motorization Modal Share Effects on Mobility Effects on Safety Research Issues

Sustainability?

Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs.

Goal for Sustainable Transportation

Develop

better

transportation

systems,

options, and expectations consistent with the objective of securing future social and

economic development within a sustainable

environment that ensures community wellbeing.

REDUCING TRANSPORTATION NEED + REDUCING DEPENDENCE ON CAR + IMPROVING TRAFFIC FLOW

(Transportation Systems

Management)

Sustainable Transport

REDUCING DEPENDENCE ON FOSSIL FUEL

(Energy Management)

ENCOURAGING PUBLIC TRANSPORT, CYCLING AND WALKING

(Capacity Management)

MINIMISING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

(Environmental Management)

Sustainable Transport

Important from the perspective of climate change (to improve carbon footprint / ecological footprint etc.)
TABLE - The ecological footprint of transport in Merseyside (Barrett and Scott 2003) EF (ha per 1000 Mode Car Air Total passenger km 11 999 607 600 1 010 169 379 passenger km) 0.0587 0.0504 Total EF 704 260 50 882 EF per capita (m2) 4 998 361

and Scott 2003)

transport emits 22% of the total output of carbon dioxide (Barrett

Personal

In the UK, road

transportation is the greatest individual contributor of CO2 emissions (26%) in the average American household
(Froehlich et al. 2009)

Bus
Train Taxi Motorcycle Bicycle

716 505 195

334 483 808 113 368 140 68 012 430 86 160 350

0.0430
0.0208 0.0680 0.0365 0.0017

30 843
6 971 7 709 2 482 145

219
49 55 18 1

EF of car is 87% of the total EF

Motorization

Vehicular Growth

Forecast of Vehicle Populations in India (in million vehicles)

Population 2-W 3-W HCV 2005 2008 2015 35.8 2.3 2.4 46.1 3.0 2.9 87.7 5.3 4.6 2025 2035

174.1 236.4 8.8 9.1 13.1 16.2

Total on road Vehicle Fuel Consumption (Million Tons of Oil Equivalent)

2005 58 2008 73 2015 115 2025 221 2035 371

LCV
Car, SUV Grand Total

2.4
6.2 49.1

3.2
8.8 63.9

5.7
18.0

12.5
41.6

26.9
80.1

121.3 246.1 372.7

Indias fuel consumption in 2035 will be over six times that in 2005
Source Lohia (2008), Urban Transport in India, MTTBR-08, IIT Guwahati, India.

Expected increase of Car and SUVs is 13 times and 2W is 6.6 times from 2005 to 2035

Modal Share

Goals of Transportation

Mobility vs. Safety

High levels of mobility (minimizing travel times and delays). High levels of safety.

Effects on Mobility

Effects on Safety

Source: WHO (2004)

Road Accidents
Table: Road Accidents Involving Injury - 1980-2004 (in thousand) Germany 1980 1990 2000 2001 2002 2003 412.7 389.4 382.9 375.3 362 354.5 Sweden 15.2 17 15.8 15.8 16.9 18.4 Great Britain 257.3 265.6 233.7 229 221.7 220.1 Denmark 12.3 9.2 7.3 6.9 7.1 6.7 India

153.2 282.6 391.449 405.637 407.497 406.726 429.91

2004

339.3

18

213

6.2

Source: Data retrieved from European Union Road Federation: European Road Statistics 2007.

Road Accidents

People-oriented approach (proposed)

High Volume

Low priority

NMT

High Priority

Low Volume

Car/vehicle-oriented approach (current)

Low Volume

High Priority

Low priority

NMT

High Volume

Gaps Identified

Do not explore innovative financing mechanism

Using land as a resource densification of defined transport axis/corridors by increasing FAR PPP Potential

Application of ITS Institutional Mechanism/ SPV

Initiatives in State of Karnataka

State Transport Policy Document Pedestrian Policy Document Parking Policy Document Creation of BMLTA (UMTA) Traffic management Center at Bangalore, use of geo-informatics. etc..

Is it really enough?
No

Research Issues

Approaches for Developing Transport Strategies Need for a holistic approach

Bottom-up (existing) Vs Top-down (proposed)

Bottom-up approach Identification and analysis of comprehensive set of transport problems Potential solutions to the problems are assessed in isolation as well as combination using detail transport model Combination which best solves the problems is taken as preferred startegy Top-down approach The starting point is a set of goals and objectives

Planning / Modelling Issues

Reflecting the impact of changing land use and /or control policies, slum development etc. on transportation and vice versa.

Assessing the required land-use control considering the holding capacity of transport infrastructure.

Planning / Modelling Issues

Stated response surveys how to facilitate use of complex choice scenarios for more reliable behavioral models and more accurate response forecasting. Exploring possibilities of considering environmental and social cost as part of the planning process rather than during post-planning impact assessment. Activity based modelling still to be attempted in India? Better data collection techniques involving technology for credible and accurate travel and household data (position, route, distance/time).

Planning / Modelling Issues

More realistic assignment of trips to rail and bus networks taking into account the condition in trains, variations in bus speeds and frequency due to changes in overall traffic volume and fares;
Orienting transport planning to address the climate change issues.
To introduce carbon footprint or ecological footprint as a planning parameter.

Public Transport Issues

Need for Systems approach in public transportation planning (address O-D travel time effectively, include all modes) Inter-modal integration operational, physical, institutional. Need to develop integrated approach for corridor identification

Public Transport Issues

Route and schedule rationalization. Practically no use of optimization (awareness, better understanding of parameters). Which optimization tool is effective and credible to use?
Better understanding of requirements from optimality in routing and scheduling (global optimum, local optimum, set of pareto optimal solutions).

Non-motorized Transport (NMT) Issues

Need to research and define the role of NMT (access only or main mode) in overall mobility). Accordingly, the focus of planning and policy guidelines need to change, to provide seamless travel using NMT.

Driver Behaviour and Road Safety Issues

Ways to quantify the impacts of driver attributes, education, and behaviour on road safety and mobility. Suggest improvements. Assessing Graduated Driver Licensing (GDL) and effective traffic law enforcement as a measure for improving road safety

Traffic management Issues

Effective micro-simulation tools for modelling heterogeneous and non-lane based traffic. What is good for Indian traffic? Non-lane based or lane based traffic. Understanding the impact of traffic demand management measures such as parking fees, road user charges and congestion pricing,. Right ITS measures and tools for Traffic control on NH and SH? Traffic management strategies during post-disaster scenario?