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Presented by
Lokesh Ranjan Mitten Mukerjee Jismon Mathew
Overview of the Indian Dairy Sector India enjoys dual distinction it is both the worlds largest milk producer and the worlds largest milk consumer.
The country is the largest milk producer all over the world, from 17 million tonnes in 1950 to 122 million tonnes in 2011 and account for about 15% of the world milk production. In terms of total production, India is the leading producer of milk in the world followed by USA.
Milk and milk products account for 9.2 and 12.4 % of protein intake in rural and urban areas, respectively, which is higher than the protein intake through non-vegetarian animal products. Milk output has increased by 21% over a decade mostly in developing areas (while global population grew by 12%)
The exports of dairy products increased from Rs. 13.98 million in 1990-91 to Rs.6766.82 million in 2005-06 The country has about 16% of cattle, 57% of buffalo, 17% of goat, and 5% of sheep population of the world and ranks first in respect of cattle and buffalo, second in goats, and third in sheep population. The quantity of milk handled by the organized sector has gone up to 81 million liters per day as against approximately 6 million liters per day during the 70s. Per capita milk consumption is expected to rise by 4% in 2012, and milk production is forecasted to sustain its normal growth of about 2.3%.
In India, the contribution of livestock sector to the total national income is around 6.5%. The livestock activities, among which dairy farming predominates, employ about 8.5 million workers in the country
Indian dairy sector contributes the large share in agricultural gross domestic products.
Presently there are around 70,000 village dairy cooperatives across the country. The co-operative societies are federated into 170 district milk producers unions, which is turn has 22-state cooperative dairy federation.
Milk production gives employment to more than 72mn dairy farmers. However with 300 million cattle, it appears that the productivity with regard to milk is low.
The dairy development activities can be studied in three phases viz., the Pre-plan or Pre-Independence Period, 1969-70 and post 1970.
An expert cattle committee appointed by the Government of Bombay in 1938 gave their recommendations on (i) cattle improvement and milk production in villages, (ii) milk production and processing, and (iii) transport of milk products and distribution to consuming areas.
National Planning Committee appointed in 1938 under the chairmanship of Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru had also an impact on dairy development. Three types of co-operative societies viz. milk consumers cooperative societies, milk distributors co-operative societies and milk producers co-operative societies were started. Milk consumers societies were taken up at Burnpur and Allahabad (1943).
Among milk distributive societies, the Radha Swami Educational Institute, Dyal Bagh Agra was quite popular.
Prominent Milk Production Societies set up were Kaira and Allahabad (1945), Anand (1946) and Banaras, Meerut, Kanpur, Nainital (1949-50). All these societies made a very significant contribution in dairy development.
During this period, many dairy projects like greater Bombay milk scheme, Kaira District Cooperative Milk Union Ltd. Anand, Polson Ltd., Talankhery Co-operative Dairy Society Nagpur, Federation of Milk Union, Calcutta, Lucknow Cooperative Milk Supply Union, Madras Milk Supply Union, Madras, Kaventers Dairy and Ksheera Kshetra came into existence.
(c) Central Council of Gosamvardhana Central Council of from Gosamvardhana Dairy development 1970 onwards came into existence in 1952 with the main aim of effecting all round coordinated cattle development at the In this country, national level. three forms of organization viz. private, government and cooperatives helped in the development of dairying and animal husbandry. The experience of d)have ICAR its Institutes and Agriculture Universities most successful Dairy Cooperatives such as AMUL and the results of Operation Flood Indian Council of Agricultural Research fully financed by Govt. of India is programme being implemented by the erstwhile Indian Dairy Corporation (financing the sole for body, which formulates the basic policy of dairy development, agency the programme)/ National Dairy Development Board through cooperative provides coordination among thedairying various guides their organizations has shown that organizing on programmes cooperative lines and would only yield execution. desired results. e)International and Foreign Agencies It has been estimated that out of the total amount spent in India from 1951 to 1969 the share of international agencies is of the order of about 20%. Out of the total aid, 58% has been received from USA alone, the share of the World Bank and IDA, Federal Republic of Germany, Britain and USSR was around 13%, 7%, 6% and 6% respectively. f) United Nations International Children Emergency Fund (UNICEF) UNICEF is a pioneer organization, which is spending on an average Rs. 15 crores per year towards the development of dairying in India.
g) Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) FAO provided the experts in the implementation of dairy projects and helped in conducting the surveys, training of the Dairy Technicians. h) CARE UNICEF and CARE along with other organizations from the United States and India donated 28,000 tonnes of skim milk powder each year valued at Rs. 3 crores for free distribution among School children. i)Oxford Committee for Famine Relief (OXFAM) OXFAM has donated Rs. 14 lakh for the purchase of feed mixing plant to be installed at Kaira District Milk Cooperatives Union. j) Heifer Project Heifer Project Inc. was conceived in 1938 by Dan West, engaged in a church as relief worker in distribution of milk powder to orphans and babies who were the victims of Spanish civil war, later donated cows rather than milk. Under the project by 1962, it had shipped more than 25,000 farm animals and 7.50 lakh chicks and hatching eggs to over 60 countries. India also got in 1955, 6 Jersey bulls for breeding purposes. k)International Dairy Federation (I.D.F)/Dairy Society International International Dairy Federation and Dairy Society International has also contributed to the development of dairying in India.
Anand Pattern a voluntary association of milk producers in a village, who wish to market their milk collectively could become a member of the Co-operative Society. At a general meeting of members, representatives are elected to form a managing committee, which manages the day-to-day affairs of milk collection and its testing for fat content, sale of cattle feed, etc. Each society also provides Artificial Insemination (AI) Services and Veterinary First-Aid. Each milk producers milk is tested and paid for on the basis of the quality of milk. Usually the morning milk is paid for in the evening and the evening milk is paid for the next morning. The village societies also market nutritionally balanced compounded cattle feed produced by a cattle feed plant owned and operated by the district level union. The balanced cattle feed is sold on a no-profit-no-loss basis.
The primary milk producers societies are affiliated to a district union, which owns and operates a feeder/balancing dairy, cattle feed plant and facilities for production of semen and its distribution. The Union also operates a network of veterinarians to provide routine and emergency services for animal health care. The village societies elect the Board of Directors of the Union, which is responsible for the day-to-day management of the unions centralized facilities for milk collection station, processing and marketing of inputs. Each union is professionally managed by a Managing Director, who reports to the elected Chairman and the Board of Directors. The dairy, owned by the Union, usually has a milk drying plant to convert the seasonal surpluses into milk powder and other conserved products. In turn, all the milk union form a federation.
3. to prepare initial feasibility studies and to design, plan and startup of operations. 4. to provide manpower development services for dairy and allied projects by giving training progammes for personnel. 5. to help in the selection of equipment and undertake bulk procurement services. 6. to offer consultation services on dairy and allied operations in the field of planning, control, including quality control, organization and marketing back up, wherever necessary, by research within the NDDB and outside, in other organization. 7. to serve as international liaison to other National Dairy Boards and international agencies and to facilitate the exchange of information and personnel: as also to assist other countries dairy development, and 8. to conduct research in the field of dairying and animal husbandry.
Operation Flood
The main objective of OF-I was to create a virtual flood of rurally produced milk and lay a foundation for modernizing Indias dairy industry. The first phase of Operation Flood (OF-I) was originally designed to be implemented over a period of five years but was extended till March 31, 1979. The second phase of Operation Flood (OF-II) was launched on October 2, 1979, while OF-I was still underway and concluded on March 31, 1985. OF-II was designed to build on the foundation laid by OF-I to create a modern and viable dairy industry to meet the nations requirements for milk and milk products. The third phase of Operational Flood (OFIII) was started on April 1, 1985 to consolidate the extensive milk procurement, processing and marketing infrastructure created under OF-I and OF-II and finally completed on March 31, 1996.
Implementation of operation flood programme through an integrated approach has been taken up under various action items as follows: Expansion of city dairies New dairies in four cities storage and long distance transportation Rural dairy processing
The per capita availability consumption recommended by the Human Nutrition Advisory Committee of the Government of India is 250 g.
The increased production of milk has improved the per capita milk availability to 250 grams per day. The demand of milk and milk products in India is projected to increase to 142.9 million tones in 2015 and further to 191.3 million tones in 2020. This way, in next ten years, supply will fall short of the demand. However, to meet the needs and to compete with the traditional milk exporting countries viz; Australia and New Zealand the Indian dairy sector has to gear itself to meet the following challenges: 1. Increase the milk production at the rate that is higher than the existing growth 2. Increase the production of value added dairy products 3. Provide complete quality assurance
c. Production and Import of Milk Powder By1969- 70 onwards, import was almost stopped except for the free gift of skim milk powder and butter oil, which India could get under the Operation Flood Programme. It is worth noting that our own production started in 1967-68 (13.23 thousand MT) and went on increasing. In 1979-80, we produced 64,000 MT of milk powder. d. Livestock The focus should continue towards better milk yielders viz. crossbred cows and buffaloes and the strategy for increasing milk production should focus on increasing animal productivity rather than animal population. This is particularly important as in relation to recommended feeding standards by animal nutritionists, the current feed and fodder shortage in terms of crude protein, digestible crude protein and total digestible nutrients is estimated to be 39.8, 44.3 and 39.6 percent, respectively.
Better packaging to retain the nutritive value of products packed. A cold chain distribution system is required for proper storage and transfer of dairy products Scope for value-added products like desserts, puddings, custards, sauces, mousse, stirred yoghurt, nectars and sherbets to capture the dairy market in India Promoting dairy enterprise through transfer of technologies, improved farm financing, supply chain management, and better market access Encouraging nutraceuticals from milk, functional foods with prebiotics, probiotics, micronutrients for improved human health Value addition to traditional milk products through application of new processes, packaging and mechanized manufacturing systems Clean milk production with a focus on emerging health concerns Raising productivity of dairy animals through improved feeding strategies Development of state-of-the-art dairy production systems using better housing, fertility management practices and better germplasm
Why do Dairy Farming ? Dairying is an important source of subsidiary income to small/marginal farmers and agricultural labourers. The manure from animals provides a good source of organic matter for improving soil fertility and crop yields. The gober gas from the dung is used as fuel for domestic purposes as also for running enginesfor drawing water from well. The surplus fodder and agricultural by-products are gainfully utilised for feeding the animals. Almost all draught power for farm operations and transportation is supplied by bullocks. Since agriculture is mostly seasonal, there is a possibility of finding employment throughout the year for many persons through dairy farming. Thus, dairy also provides employment throughout the year. The main beneficiaries of dairy programmes are small/marginal farmers and landless labourers. A farmer can earn a gross surplus of about Rs. 12,000 per year from a unit consisting of 2 milking
The capital investment required for purchase of 2 buffaloes is Rs. 18,223/-. Even after paying a sum of Rs. 4294/- per annum towards repayment of the loan and interest the farmer can earn a net surplus of Rs. 6000 - 9000/-approximately per year. Even more profits can be earned depending upon the breed of animal, managerial skills and marketing potential. According to World Bank estimates about 75 per cent of Indias 940 million people are in 5.87 million villages, cultivating over 145 million hectares of cropland. Average farm size is about 1.66 hectares. Among 70 million rural households, 42 per cent operate up to 2 hectares and 37 per cent are landless households. These landless and small farmers have in their possession 53 per cent of the animals and produce 51 percent of the milk. Thus, small/marginal farmers and land less agricultural labourers play a very important role in milk production of the country. Dairy farming can also be taken up as a main occupation around big urban
Dairy Entrepreneurship Development By NABARD The Dairy Entrepreneurship Development Scheme scheme was launched in 2010-11 for encouraging modern dairy farms to produce clean milk and heifer rearing farms to conserve good breeding stock. The scheme also aims at upgrading traditional technology to handle milk on a commercial scale and bringing about structural changes in the unorganised dairy sector so as to facilitate initial processing of milk at the village level itself. Under the scheme, back ended subsidy amounting to 25 per cent (33.33% for SC/ST farmers) of the outlay is being provided for establishment of small dairy units, heifer rearing units, purchase of milking machines/ milk testers/ bulk milk cooling units/ processing equipment, establishment of dairy product transportation facilities, cold chain and dairy marketing outlets/ dairy parlours. The Department of Animal Husbandry Dairying & Fisheries, MoA, GoI has advised that the scheme shall be continued during 2012-13.
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