CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION TO MECHANICAL DESIGN PROCESS

MEC531 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DESIGN 1

NIK ROSELINA BINTI NIK ROSELEY roselina_roseley@salam.uitm.edu.my Room: Level 14 10A 016-2185201

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1.1 THE PHASES OF DESIGN

Engineering Design
Engineering design is a creative and comprehensive process. Integrates mathematics, basic sciences, engineering sciences, engineering economics and other subjects for the creation of components, systems, products and processes to satisfy specific needs and constraints. i.e. constraints include economic, safety, health, environmental and social factors, the requirements of standards and legislation, and other considerations such as maintainability, serviceability, and manufacturability.

Design Process
Involves basically 7 phases: Phase 1: Conceptual Design Phase 2: Embodiment Design Phase 3: Detail Design Phase 4: Planning for Manufacture Phase 5: Planning for Distribution Phase 6: Planning for Use Phase 7: Planning for Retirement of the Product

1st Three Phases of the Engineering Design Process

Conceptual Design

Define Problem

Gather Information

Concept Generation

Evaluation of Concepts

Detail Design

Parametric Design

Configuration Design

Product Architecture

Embodiment Design

Phase 1: Conceptual Design Phase

a.k.a Feasibility Study. Requires greatest creativity, involves the most uncertainty and requires coordination among many functions in the business organization. Discrete activities to be considered:
Identification of customer needs Problem definition Gathering information Conceptualization Concept selection Refinement of the PDS Design review

Problem Definition

Most important steps in the engineering design process is identifying customer needs. The customer needs can be gained from:
Interviewing customers Focus group Customer survey Customer complaints

Tools to achieve this:

Benchmarking QFD PDS

Benchmarking Method for measuring company operation against the best company inside and outside of the industries. Select the product, process, or functional area that is to be benchmark. Identify the performance metrics that will be measured and used for comparison. Compare the best in class product or process with the in house equivalent using the performance metrics. Specified program and actions to meet an exceed the competition.

QFD Quality Function Deployment A planning and problem solving tool that is finding growing acceptance for translating customer requirements into engineering characteristics of a product. A largely graphical method that systematically looks at all the elements that go into the product definition. Helps organizations seek out both spoken and unspoken needs. QFD links the needs of the customer (end user) with design, development, engineering, manufacturing, and service functions. Also known as House of Quality.

Cross, 1998

PDS Product Design Specification A statement of what a product to be designed is intended to do. Its aim is to ensure the development of a product meets the need of the users. The PDS is a specification of what is required but not the specification of the product itself.

Gather Information

Information from Internet Engineering URLs Patent Literature Intellectual Property Patents Handbook

Concept Generation

Brainstorming Functional decomposition Morphological chart

Functional decomposition
Kerusi Kereta

Ubahsuai Tempat duduk

Ubahsuai Penyandar

Ubahsuai Penyandar Kepala

Keselamatan Pengguna

Memuatkan System Pengesan Sel Beban

Bentuk Pergerakan

Pergerakan ke depan & belakang Bentuk Titik ubahsuai

Pergerakan bersudut Bentuk Titik ubahsuai

Pergerakan ke atas dan bawah Bentuk Titik ubahsuai

Jenis Titik ubahsuai

Rajah 3.3: Penguraian Fungsi Pokok

NFAM, 2007

Morphological chart Chart arranges a functions and sub-functions in a logical order Each sub-function list the possible how Purpose to uncover combinations of ideas that comprise design concepts that might not ordinarily be generated

Morphological chart

Evaluation of Concepts

Comparison Based on Absolute Criteria Pughs Concept Selection Method Weighted Decision Matrix

Weighted Decision Matrix

Pughs Concept Selection Method

Kriteria Konsep 1 Konsep 2 Konsep 3
Kerusi Standard

Tempat duduk: Mekanisme yang mempunyai banyak pilihan titik rehat dan pergerakan yang lancar Penyandar : Keselesaan, mudah untuk diubahsuai Penyandar kepala: Pergerakan yang mudah dan tidak memenuhi ruang Keselamatan pengguna: Ringkas dan selamat Lokasi pengesan: Pergerakan yang mudah kestabilan pengesan terjamin dan

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