Objectives

Install, configure, and troubleshoot DNS Install, configure, and troubleshoot DHCP Install, configure, and troubleshoot Microsoft Internet Information Services

Implementing Microsoft DNS

Domain Name System (DNS)
A TCP/IP application protocol that enables a DNS server to resolve (translate):
Domain and computer names to IP addresses IP addresses to domain and computer names

DNS servers provide the DNS namespace for an enterprise One of the requirements for using Active Directory on a Windows Server 2008 network is to have a DNS server on the network
Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008 2

Installing DNS Services

DNS is installed as a server role in Windows Server 2008 The installation steps for DNS are similar to those for DHCP
Both are installed as Windows components

Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008

DNS Zones
DNS name resolution is enabled through the use of tables of information
That link computer names and IP addresses

The tables are associated with partitions in a DNS server that are called zones
Contain resource records

Forward lookup zone

The zone that links computer names to IP addresses Holds host name records called address records

Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008

DNS Zones (continued)

In IP version 4, a host record is called a host address (A) resource record An IPv6 record is called an IPv6 host address (AAAA) resource record When you install DNS on a domain controller (DC) in a domain
A forward lookup zone is automatically created for the domain with the DNS servers address record already entered

Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008

Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008

Using the DNS Dynamic Update Protocol

Microsoft DNS is also called Dynamic DNS (DDNS)
A modern form of DNS that enables client computers and DHCP servers to automatically register IP addresses

DNS dynamic update protocol

Enables information in a DNS server to be automatically updated in coordination with DHCP

Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008

DNS Replication
Primary DNS server
The DNS server that is the main administrative server for a zone and thus is also the authoritative server for that zone

Secondary DNS server

Contains a copy of the primary DNS servers zone database, but is not used for administration (is not authoritative) Obtains that copy through a zone transfer over the network
Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008 8

DNS Replication (continued)

Vital services performed by secondary DNS servers:
To make sure that there is a copy of the primary DNS servers data To enable DNS load balancing among a primary DNS server and its secondary servers To reduce congestion in one part of the network

If you use Active Directory and have two or more DCs

Plan to set up Microsoft DNS services on at least two of the DCs
Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008 9

Stub Zone
Stub zone has only the bare necessities for DNS functions, which are copies of the following:
SOA record zone Name server (NS) records to identify authoritative servers A record for name servers that are authoritative

One common use for a stub zone is to help quickly resolve computer names
Between two different namespaces

Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008

10

Additional DNS Server Roles

It is common to designate one DNS server to forward name resolution requests to a specific remote DNS server A DNS server can function as a caching server
A caching server is used to provide fast queries because the results of each query are stored in RAM One limitation of using caching servers is that it takes time for each one to build up a comprehensive set of resolved names to IP addresses

Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008

11

Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008

12

Creating a DNS Implementation Plan

Recommendations
Implement Windows Server 2008 DNS servers instead of other versions of DNS, and use Active Directory Plan to locate a DNS server across most site links Create two or more DNS servers to take advantage of the load balancing Designate one DNS server as a forwarder to reduce traffic The number of DNS servers that you set up can be related to your analysis of an organization
Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008 13

DNS Enhancements
Microsoft DNS servers now include support for IPv6 Background zone loading
This means that a DNS server that has a large number of entries in its zones can load those entries as a background process

DNS server can be housed on a Read-Only Domain Controller (RODC) for branch offices

Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008

14

Troubleshooting DNS (continued)

Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008

15

Implementing Microsoft DHCP

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
Enables a Windows Server 2008 server with DHCP services to detect the presence of a new workstation Assign an IP address to that workstation

The DHCP server has a pre-assigned range of IP addresses that it can give to a new client Microsoft DHCP server can support the following:
Dynamic configuration of DNS server forward and reverse lookup zone records Up to 1000 different scopes Up to 10,000 DHCP clients
Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008 16

Implementing Microsoft DHCP (continued)

A Windows Server 2008 server can be configured in the role of a DHCP server using Microsoft DHCP services The DHCP server automatically updates the DNS server at the time it assigns an IP address
Using dynamic DNS updates can significantly save time in creating DNS lookup zone records

Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008

17

Implementing Microsoft DHCP (continued)

A Microsoft DHCP server can also:
Reserve an IP address for a specific computer Update all computers on a network for a particular change in DHCP settings Provide DHCP services to multiple subnetworks Omit certain IP addresses from a scope

Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008

18

Configuring a DHCP Server

First, set up one or more scopes of contiguous address ranges and activate each scope Configuring a scope includes the following:
Obtain the range of addresses to be used Determine the subnet mask for the range of addresses Decide on a name for the scope, such as naming it to reflect the name of a department or division in your organization Decide how long to lease IP addresses Determine whether to exclude specific addresses
Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008 19

Configuring a DHCP Server (continued)

Second, authorize the DHCP server
The process of authorizing the server is a security precaution to make sure IP addresses are only assigned by DHCP servers that are managed by network and server administrators

Third, a step that is not required, but that saves time in managing DNS, is to configure the DHCP server and its clients to automatically update DNS records

Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008

20

DHCPv6 Support
Windows Server 2008 and Windows Vista both enable a network to use Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6 (DHCPv6)
For networks that are working to implement IPv6

The Microsoft implementation of DHCPv6

Follows the official standard for DHCPv6 Supports both stateful and stateless autoconfiguration

Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008

21

Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008

22

Implementing Microsoft Internet Information Services

Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS)
Software included with Windows Server 2008 that enables you to offer a complete Web site

Internet Server Application Programming Interface (ISAPI)

A group of DLL (dynamic link library) files that are applications and filters

Web Server (IIS) role services

World Wide Web File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008 23

Implementing Microsoft Internet Information Services (continued)

Windows Server 2008 is a good candidate for a Web server for several reasons
Windows Server 2008s privileged-mode architecture and fault-tolerance capabilities Windows Server 2008 is compatible with small and large databases
Users can log in to a database through the IIS Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) drivers

Compatible with Microsoft Point-to-Point Encryption (MPPE) security, IP Security (IPsec), and the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) encryption technique
Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008 24

Implementing Microsoft Internet Information Services (continued)

IIS is newly designed for Windows Server 2008
Broken into modules or features so that you can install only the features you need Presents a smaller attack surface and makes IIS more efficient

Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008

25

Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008

26

Internet Information Services (IIS) Manager

Through this tool, you can do the following:
Connect to a Web server on your computer or remotely connect to a Web server, an application, or site Have connections to multiple Web servers, applications, and sites Manage a Web server Manage ASP.NET Manage authorization for users and for specific Web server roles
Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008 27

Internet Information Services (IIS) Manager

Through this tool, you can do the following: (continued)
Manage Web server logging Compress Web server files Manage code modules and worker processes Manage server certificates Troubleshoot a Web server

Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008

28

Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008

29

Creating a Virtual Directory

Virtual directory
A physical folder or a redirection to a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) that points to a folder
So that it can be accessed over the Internet, an intranet, or VPN

The reason for creating a virtual directory is to provide a shortcut path to specific IIS server content When you set up a virtual directory, you give it an alias
A name to identify it to a Web browse
Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008 30

Creating a Virtual Directory (continued)

Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008

31

Creating a Virtual Directory (continued)

After a virtual directory is created, you can modify its properties in IIS Manager You can set up the virtual directory to be shared
So that users who need access to add contents to the directory can do this over the network

Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008

32

Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008

33

Creating a Virtual Directory (continued)

Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008

34

Managing and Configuring an IIS Web Server

The Internet Information Services tool enables you to manage IIS components including the following:
Application pools Sites SMTP e-mail Certificates

Application pools enable you to group similar Web applications into pools or groups for management Sites is a folder used to manage multiple Web sites from one administrative Web server
Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008 35

Managing and Configuring an IIS Web Server (continued)

The SMTP E-mail Page feature is used to manage Internet e-mail via e-mail programs
Takes advantage of the application programming interface, system.net.mail

Through the certificates feature, you can configure and monitor certificate security that is used with other Web sites

Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008

36

Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008

37

Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008

38

Troubleshooting a Web Server

Occasionally a Web server can experience problems, such as users not being able to connect to the server Table 8-8 lists possible problems and their solutions

Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008

39

Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008

40

Using Active Directory Certificate Services

Public key infrastructure (PKI)
Linking a public key or a combination of public and private keys to a user or network entity Uses a certificate authority to issue public key-based digital certificates to trustworthy network entities

Certificate authority (CA)

Network entity or host that issues digital certificates of trust verifying certificate holders legitimacy

41

Using Active Directory Certificate Services (contd.)

Public key
Encryption method that uses a public key and private key combination

Asymmetric encryption
One key used to encrypt the data, and the other key used to decrypt it

Public key/private key method

Uses an encryption algorithm developed by Whitfield Diffie and Martin Hellman

42

Using Active Directory Certificate Services (contd.)

X.509 standards for digital certificates
Developed by International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Function as proof of identity for a specific network entity

43

Using Active Directory Certificate Services (contd.)

X.509 certificate contains:
Certificate format version Certificate serial number Signature algorithm identifier Certificate authority (certificate issuer) Length of time the certificate is valid ID of the certificate holder Public key data

44

Using Active Directory Certificate Services (contd.)

Active Directory Certificate Services role
Available in Windows Server 2008 Standard, Enterprise, and Datacenter Editions

Online Responder Service

Determines the status of digital certifications Uses the Online Certificate Status Protocol (OCSP) to obtain and decode status information

45

Planning Active Directory Certificate Services

Understand the four kinds of CAs that can be set up in a Microsoft server environment
Enterprise root CA Enterprise subordinate Standalone root Standalone subordinate

Root CA is always configured before any other CAs

46

Planning Active Directory Certificate Services (contd.)

Figure 9-7 CA hierarchy

Courtesy Course Technology/Cengage Learning 47

Planning Active Directory Certificate Services (contd.)

Implement enterprise root CA and enterprise subordinates
Not standalone model

Take into account the ways in which an organization can make most use of AD CS PKI with multiple subordinate CAs has built-in redundancy

48

Planning Active Directory Certificate Services (contd.)

Role services for Active Directory Certificate Services:
Certificate Authority Certification Authority Web Enrollment Online Responder Network Device Enrollment service

49

Certificate Services Roles

Recommended to divide responsibilities for handling money and important security tasks in an organization AD CS enables dividing CA responsibilities into two roles:
CA administrator
Person or persons who manage the CA server

Certificate manager
Given to those who determine which users to enroll for certificates and when to revoke certificates
50