PAPER PRESENTATION

ON

Prepared by : Guided by :
RAVIN RAINA. Mr DHAVAL

4th Semester COMP.

 INTRODUCTION
The computer has already gone through a dynamic
revolution. Thirty years ago, computers were the size of a room
and incredibly slow. Few people probably would have imagined
supercomputers that can do over a trillion calculations per second.
Today, the average person's desktop computer is more powerful
than the fastest computers were 30 years ago. The only way this
can continue is if a new type of computer is developed. This
computer is known as a “NANOCOMPUTER”. It may one day
replace the modern computer due to many economic and scientific
constraints that will one day halt the modern computer’s
advancement.
Nanotechnology
 Nanotechnology is exciting emerging science &
technological field.

 It is all about building things atom by atom &

molecule by molecule.

 Goal of this technology is to make tiny devices

called ‘Nanomachines’.

 Manufacturing products made from an atom, the

property of those products depends on how those
atoms are arranged.
 Some applications of
Nanocomputers
* Self-assembling consumer goods

 * Computers billions of times faster

* Extremely novel inventions (impossible today)

* Safe and affordable space travel

* Medical Nano... virtual end to illness, aging, death

* Access to a superior education for every child on Earth

* Reintroduction of many extinct plants and animals

* Terra forming here and the Solar System

 Types of Nanocomputers

 Electronic Nanocomputers

 Chemical & Bio-chemical Nanocomputers

 Mechanical Nanocomputers

 Quantum Nanocomputers
 The main difference is one of physical scale.

 More and more transistors are squeezed into

silicon chips with each passing year.

 To further decrease the size the concept

“Nanolithography” will be needed.

 Nanolithography is used to create microscopic

circuit as is it the art & science of etching,writing
or printing at microscopic level where the dim of
char are in order of nanometer.
 Chemical and biochemical computers would store
and process information in terms of chemical structures
and interactions.

 Biochemical Nanocomputers already exist in nature

that are large uncontrolled by human.

 Chemical nanocomputer would proceed to a path

similar to genetic – An analogy.

 In general temrs chemical computer is one that

process info in terms of making and breaking chemical
bonds & store resulting info in terms of chemical
struture.
 A nanocomputer that uses
DNA (deoxyribonucleic
acids) to store information
and perform complex
calculations.

 In 1994, University of
Southern California
computer scientist named
Leonard Adelman suggested
that DNA could be used to
solve complex mathematical
problems.
 The goal of the problem is to find the shortest route
between a number of cities, going through each city
only once.

 As you add more cities to the problem, the problem

becomes more difficult. Adleman chose to find the
shortest route between seven cities.
So Adleman provide a solution for problem based on
DNA computing.
 Some important factors :-
 Strands of DNA represents the cities and
molecules represent code for city.

 This molecules are mixed in to the test

tube computer and out of several
combination , the shortest route is found.
 Drawbacks of DNA Computer
 Speed is not up to the mark.

 Due to the combination of four molecules

A,T,C,G several possible combinations are
found very quickly but it takes days to find the
perfect one.

 The most important , is that it requires “

HUMAN ASSISTANCE “ .
 Tiny Machines & computers would be assembled by the
Mechanical positioning of atoms or molecular building
blocks one atom or molecule at a time ,process is known as
“mechanosysthesis”.

 Mechanical Nanocomputers would use tiny moving

components called Nanogears to encode information.

 Once assembled the nano computer would operate a bit

like the complex programmable version of mechanical
calculator.
Drawbacks Of Mechanical
Computers:-
 The fabrication of such nano mechanical
devices requires some hand made parts .
 It becomes a tedious job to move few
atoms from one place to another, and it is
really a difficult task to manufacture a
reliable system using this technique.
 A Quantum Nanocomputer would work by storing
data in the form of atomic quantum states or spin.

 Single-electron memory (SEM) and quantum dots.

The energy state of an electron within an atom,
theoretically represent one, two, four, eight, or even
16 bits of data. The main problem with this
technology is instability.

 Instantaneous electron energy states are difficult

to predict and even more difficult to control..
Basic terms of Quantum
Computing
 Quantum – Computer

 Qubits

 Teleportation

 Quantum Mechanics
 Applications of Quantum
Computers

 Disadvantages of Quantum
Computers
1. Quantum Encryption

2.Securing the Internet

3.Breaking ciphers

4.Statistical analysis

5.Factoring large numbers

6.Solving problems in theoretical physics

 The technology needed to build a quantum computer is
currently beyond our reach.

 This is due to the fact that the coherent state,

fundamental to a quantum computers operation, is destroyed
as soon as it is measurably affected by its environment.

 Attempts at combatting this problem have had little

success, but the hunt for a practical solution continues.
Some Interesting Facts
 A Fantasy : Moving Individual Atom at
our will

 A Promising Idea : ROD LOGIC

 Each bead is a single molecule of
buckminsterfullerene (a buckyball), comprising 60 atoms
of carbon linked into a football shape. The beads slide up
and down a copper plate, nudged by the tip of an electron
microscope.
• NANOSPACE

• CANCEL CANCER

• BIO-NANOTECHNOLOGY

• NANOMETROLOGY

• EARTH STRAIN MEASUREMENT

• AIRBORNE GRAVITY MEASUREMENT

 NANOSPACE

3. SPACE EXPLORATION
4. SECURE SPACECRAFT LAUNCHING
5. CONTROLLING OPERATIONS
3.1 PRESSURE CONTROL
3.2 TEMPERATURE CONTROL
4. NANOROBOTICS
4.1 NANOROBOTS “ SWARMS “
4.2 SMART CLOTHING
4.3 FIRE FIGHTING ROBOTS “ FOAM SWARMS “
5. SUPER EXPLORER ( CONCEPT OF A.I. )
 CANCEL CANCER

1. CONCEPT OF ‘ ASSEMBLERS ‘ – COMPUTERIZED ATOMIC

MOVEMENTS AND CONTROLLING ROBOTIC LIMBS WITH
ABILITY TO REPLICATE

2. NIE’S EXPERIMENT TO DETECT CANCER USING QUANTUM

DOTS

7 CANCEL CANCER V/S CHEMOTHERAPY

BIO-NANOTECHNOLOY
(AN IMPLICATION FOR EFFECTIVE TISSUE
ENGINNERING)

1. NANOPHASE MATERIALS – (UNIMAGINABLE

CONCEPT)

2. TISSUE REGENERATION APPLICATIONS

3. DEVELOPED TISSUE ENGG. MATERIALS IN VARIOUS

FIELDS
NANOMETROLOGY
(HIGH PRECISION MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES)

1. NANOPOSITIONING

6. DIFFERENTIAL CAPACITANCE MICROMETRY

TECHNOLOGY

8. PRECISION DEFORMATION MEASUREMENT

# TECTONICS
# MINING

12. PRECISION DISPLACEMENT MEASUREMENT

# GRAVITY GRADIOMETER
EARTH STRAIN MEASUREMENT
(A NANOMETRICS INSTRUMENTATION APPLICATION)

5. LONG MONITORING OF MINING

6. ACCURATE STRAIN MEASUREMENTS
# PIT SLOPE STABILITY
# SUBSTINANCE
9. TYPES OF STRAINS
# MINING INDUCED STRAIN
# TENSOR PLANE STRAIN
# EARTH QUAKE STRAIN
4. DIRECT REPORT OF CREEP & SLUMP PROCESSES
AIRBORNE GRAVITY MEASUREMENT
(A GEOPHYSICAL SCIENCE APPLICATION)

1. DETECTION OF SMALL & LENTICULAR MINERAL

OREBODIES WITHIN 300mts

2. OBSERVING SURFACE ANOMALIES

9. GRADIENT MEASUREMENTS

4. ROTATING GRAVITY GRADIOMETER

# 2-DEGREE OF FREEDOM GYROSCOPES
# 3-DEGREE OF FREEDOM ACCELEROMETERS
A DARK SIDE

3. INGNITION OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

5. IMPACT ON WORLD’S POPULATION

3. SCRAMBLING OF PHYSICAL DIMENSIONS

4. ERRORNEOUS MICROSCOPIC ARRANGEMENT

5. INACCURACY IN MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES

“ The best way to predict the future
is to invent it. "