SUBMITTED BY: RASHMI PANDEY B. Tech (Mechanical Engg.

 SINGRAULI THERMAL POWER STATION with 3 generating

units of 30 MW (derated to 3 x NIL MW) capacity each along with all associated and related equipment such as generators, turbines, boilers, auxiliary units with controls and instrumentation, SINGRAULI 'B' THERMAL POWER STATION with 2 generating units of 50 MW (dated to 1x40 MW +1xNIL MW ) capacity each and 2 generating units of 55 MW capacity each along with all associated and related equipment such as generators, turbines, boilers, auxiliary units with controls and instrumentation, SINGRAULI 'C' THERMAL POWER STATION : with 2 generating units of 60 MW capacity each and 1 generation unit of 110 MW (derated to 105 MW) capacity along with all assciated and related equipment such as generators, turbines, boilers auxiliary units with controls and instrumentation,

 The basic principle of a thermal power station is that the heat is

liberated by burning fuel, which is converted into mechanical work by means of suitable working fluid. Mechanical work is converted into electrical energy by the help of generators. In a steam power station, heat is released by burning fuel. Thus heat is taken up by water which works as the working fuel. Water is converted into steam as it receives heat in a boiler. Thereafter steam expands in turbine, which produces mechanical works which is converted into electrical energy by coupling a generator with the turbine. Steam, which expands in the turbine, comes out at low pressure and is condensed in a condenser. Condensate is again pumped to boiler where it again receives heat and the cycle is repeated. In general thermal power plant may work on vapor Power. A Rankin cycle Reheat cycle Regenerative cycle A Reheat-regenerative cycle Binary vapor cycle

 RANKINE CYCLE The idealized cycle for a simple steam power plant is the Rankine

cycle. It consists of the following processes PROCESS 1, 2- Low-pressure condensate (water) from condenser is pumped into the boiler at high pressure. This is a reversible adiabatic process. PROCESS 2,3- Water is converted into steam by addition of heat, in the boiler. This is a constant pressure process. PROCESS 3,4-It involves reversible adiabatic expansion in the turbine. PROCESS 4,1- Heat is transferred in the condenser to convert exhaust steam from the turbine into water. The process occurs at constant pressure. The thermal efficiency of Rankine cycle is given by: Efficiency =Working output/ Heat supplied

TURBINE MAINTENANCE DEPARTMAENT

 The steam turbine offers many advantages over other prime

movers, both thermodynamically and mechanically. From a thermo-dynamic point of view, the main advantage of the steam turbine over, say a reciprocating steam engine is that in the turbine the steam can be expanded down to a lower back pressure, thereby making available a greater heat drop. If a reciprocating steam engine were to expand the steam down to a back pressure of the order of an inch or two of mercury, the low pressure cylinders would have to be a very large to deal with the large volume of steam resulting from these pressures. The construction of such large cylinders would be impracticable and uneconomic. In addition the internal efficiency of the turbine is high so it is able to convert a high proportion of this relatively large heat drop into mechanical work.

 The thermal (steam) power

plant uses a dual (vapour + liquid) phase cycle. It is a closed cycle to enable the working fluid (water) to be used again and again. The cycle used is "Rankine Cycle" modified to include super heating of steam, regenerative feed water heating and reheating of steam.

 Impulse Turbine: In Impulse Turbine steam expands in fixed

nozzles. The high velocity steam from nozzles does work on moving blades which causes the shaft to rotate. The essential features of impulse turbine are that all pressure drops occur at nozzles and not on blades. A simple impulse turbine is not very efficient because it does not fully use the velocity of the steam. Many impulse turbines are velocity compounded. This means they have two or more sets of moving blades in each stage. The extra sets of moving blades make use of the high velocity steam leaving the first set of moving blades. A row of fixed blades between the moving blades direct the steam into the next set of blades.

Reaction Turbine: In this type of turbine pressure is reduced at both fixed & moving blades. Both fixed& moving blades act as nozzles. Work done by the impulse effect of steam due to reversals of direction of high velocity steam. The expansion of steam takes place on moving blades.

 Like simple turbine it has

only one set of nozzle & entire steam pressure drop takes place there. The kinetic energy of steam fully on the nozzles is utilized in moving blades. The role of fixed blades is to change the direction of steam jet & to guide it.

 The 210MW turbine is a tandem compounded

type machine comprising of H.P. & I.P. cylinders. The H.P. turbine comprises of 12 stages the I.P. turbine has 11 stages & the L.P. has four stages of double flow. The H.P. & I.P. turbine rotor are rigidly compounded & the I.P. & the I.P. rotor by lens type semi flexible coupling. All the three rotors are aligned on five bearings of which the bearing no.2 is combined with thrust bearing.

The main superheated steam branches off into two streams from the boiler and passes through the emergency stop valve and control valve before entering, the governing wheel chamber of the H.P. turbine. After expanding in the 12 stages in the H.P. turbine the steam returned in the boiler for reheating.

Emergency Stop Valve Steam from the boiler is supplied to the turbine through two emergency stop valves. The emergency stop valve operated by hydraulic servomotor shuts off steam supply to the turbine when the turbo set is tripped. The emergency stop valves connected to the four control valves through four flexible loop pipes of Chromium-Molybdenum-Vanadium steel.