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Topics
Overview Autonomous System Routing Hierarchy Distance Vector Routing RIP (Routing Information Protocol)
Overview Packet Format Algorithm
Sniffed Packets
RIPv1 & RIPv2
Overview
Routing Types
Static Dynamic
Routing Algorithms
Bellman-Ford Dijkstra
Routing Protocols
Distance Vector Link State
Autonomous System
Routing Hierarchy
Routing Hierarchy
Interior Gateway Protocols
RIP OSPF IGRP/EIGRP
Multicasting
IGMP PIM etc
Routing Hierarchy
RIPv2
used for classless routing (VLSM/CIDR) uses multicasts (224.0.0.9) to update its routing tables.
RIP Packet
RIP Packet
Command. 8 bits Value 1 Description Request. A request for the responding system to send all or part of its routing table. Response. A message containing all or part of the sender's routing table. This message may be sent in response to a request, or it may be an unsolicited routing update generated by the sender. Trace on.Obsolete. Trace off.Obsolete. SUN reserved. Triggered request. Triggered response. Triggered acknowledgement. Update Request. Update Response. Update Acknowledge. References
2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
RFC 1582 RFC 1582 RFC 1582 RFC 2091 RFC 2091 RFC 2091
RIP Packet
Family of NET 1
Value 2 for IP Network Address
Next Hop
Address of next routing node
If a route is not refreshed within 180(?) seconds, distance is set to infinity and later entry is removed Maximum Packet Size
512 Bytes (up 25 entries per message)
RIP Packet
RIP Packet
RIP Example
return.
RIPv1 - Request
RIPv1 Response
RIPv2 Response
RIP Timers
Route Update Timer: Sets the interval, usually 30 seconds, between periodic routing updates, in which the router sends a complete copy of its routing table out to all neighbor routers. Route Invalid Timer: Determines the length of time that must expire, usually 90 seconds, before the router determines that a route is invalid. It will come to this conclusion if it doesn't hear any updates about that route for that period. When the timer expires, the router will send out an update to its neighbors letting them know that the route is invalid. Route Flush Timer: Sets the time between a route becoming invalid and its removal from the routing table (240 secs). Before it's removed, the router will notify its neighbors of that route's impending doom ! The value of the route invalid timer must be less than that of the route flush timer. This is to provide the router
Count to Infinity
Route Poisoning
Alternative to split horizon, when a router receives information about a route from a particular network, the router advertises the route back to that network with the metric of 16, indicating that the destination is unreachable.
Triggered Updates
A gateway is required to send an immediate update when any route changes. This reduces the occurrence of loops Flood of triggered updates resolves loops faster when these happen