THE BUILDING ENVELOPE: Lecture 5

Analysis of Wind Loads:

ASCE 7-02 Method 1: Simplified ASCE 7-02 Method 2: Analytical ASCE 7-02 Method 3: Wind Tunnel

ASCE 7-02 METHOD 1: LOW-RISE BUILDING

Commercial Building Data

15-0

ASCE 7-02 METHOD 1: LOW-RISE BUILDING

Zone (Fig. 6-3) Component (from bldg. geometry) Roof Joist Roof Panel Roof Zone 2 Roof Zone 3 Wall Zone 4 Wall Zone 5 Roof Joist Roof Panel Roof Joist Roof Panel Window Window Effective Wind Area1 Net Pressure (Fig. 6-3; V = 130 mph) psf +9.8 -27.8 +12.4 -30.4 +9.8 -33.0 +12.4 -51.0 +9.8 -33.0 +12.4 -76.8 +30.4 -33.0 +30.4 -40.7 Adj. Fact. (Table in Fig. 6-2)2 1.21 1.21 1.21 1.21 1.21 1.21 1.21 1.21 Design Pressure psf +11.9 +15.0 +11.9 +15.0 +11.9 +15.0 +36.8 +36.8 -33.6 -36.8 -39.9 -61.7 -39.9 -92.9 -39.9 -49.3

Roof Zone 1

30 ft x 30/3 ft = 300 sq ft 2 ft x 5 ft = 10 sq ft 30 ft x 30/3 ft = 300 sq ft 2 ft x 5 ft = 10 sq ft 30 ft x 30/3 ft = 300 sq ft 2 ft x 5 ft = 10 sq ft 10 sq ft 10 sq ft

ASCE 7-02 METHOD 2: OFFICE BUILDING

Determine design pressures for windows on a 16-story office building near Houston, Texas

160 ft

100 ft

200 ft

ASCE 7-02 METHOD 2: OFFICE BUILDING

Building Conditions:
Topography: Terrain: Height: Classification: Openings Velocity Flat Open; no gravel roofs with 1500 ft 160 ft Category II Windows, 10 sq ft in area 120 mph

ASCE 7-02 METHOD 2: OFFICE BUILDING

Factors affecting wind pressure: Kz = terrain factor at elevation z Kzt = topography factor = 1.0 Kd = directionality factor = 0.85 V = design wind velocity = 120 mph I = importance factor = 1.0 G = gust effects C = building geometry

ASCE 7-02 METHOD 2: OFFICE BUILDING

p = q(GCp) qi(GCpi) (psf) where: q = 0.00256 Kz Kzt Kd V2 I for windward wall: q = qz = 0.00256 Kz Kzt Kd V2 I (q varies with z) for side and leeward walls: q = qh = 0.00256 Kh Kzt Kd V2 I (q at h) qi = internal dynamic pressure = qh = velocity pressure at h = 160 ft Kz = terrain factor at elevation z (K varies with z; ASCE 7-02, Table 6-3) Kh = terrain factor at top of building = 1.39 at 160 ft (Table 6-3, Exp. C) Kzt = topography factor = 1.0 for flat topography (ASCE 7-02, Sec. 6.5.7) Kd = directionality factor = 0.85 for buildings (ASCE 7-02, Sec. 6.5.4.4) V = design wind velocity = 120 mph (from local building code) I = importance factor = 1.0 for Building Classification II (office) (ASCE 7-02, Table 6-1) (from ASCE 7-02, Section 6.5.12.4.2)

ASCE 7-02 METHOD 2: OFFICE BUILDING

For windward wall windows p varies with elevation z: GCp = +0.9 (positive from ASCE 7-02, Fig. 6-17) GCpi = -0.18 (internal pressure coefficient, ASCE 7-02, Fig. 6-5, enclosed) qz = 0.00256 Kz Kzt Kd V2 I qz = 0.00256 Kz (1.0)(0.85)(120)2(1.0) = 31.3 Kz and p = qz (0.9) - qi(-0.18) = qz (0.9) + 7.9

ASCE 7-02 METHOD 2: OFFICE BUILDING

For side and leeward walls (wall corners, Zone 5) p is constant, top to grade: GCp = -1.80 for Zone 5 (ASCE 7-02 Fig. 6-17, area = 10 sq ft) GCpi = +0.18 (positive internal pressure coefficient) qi = qh = 0.00256(1.39)(1.0)(0.85)(120)2(1.0) = 43.6 psf and p = 43.6 (-1.80) - 43.6 (0.18) = -86.3 psf (suction pressure) For side and leeward walls (wall interior; Zone 4) p is constant, top to grade: GCp = -0.9 for Zone (ASCE 7-02 Fig. 6-17, area = 10 sq ft) GCpi = 0.18 (internal pressure coefficient (ASCE 7-02, Fig. 6-5, enclosed) qi = qh = 0.00256(1.39)(1.0)(0.85)(120)2(1.0) = 43.6 psf and p = 43.6 (-0.9) - 43.6 (0.18) = -47.1psf (suction pressure)

ASCE 7-02 METHOD 2: OFFICE BUILDING

Component z (ft) Kz Design Pressures (psf) (ASCE 7- Windward Zone 4 Zone 5 02, Table Wall (4&5) 6-3) 0.85 0.98 1.09 1.21 1.31 1.39 31.8 35.5 38.6 42.0 44.8 47.1 -47.1 -47.1 -47.1 -47.1 -47.1 -47.1 -86.3 -86.3 -86.3 -86.3 -86.3 -86.3

15 Windows (10 sq ft) 30 50 80 120 160

ASCE 7-02 METHOD 3: OFFICE BUILDING

Leighton Cochran will provide a illustration of design wind speeds for cladding derived from wind tunnel studies