The Big Bang Theory

Time begins
The universe begins ~13.7 Billion years ago The universe begins as the size of a single atom The universe began as a violent expansion
All matter and space ere created

~ 3 minutes after big bang

The universe has gro n from the size of an atom to larger than the size a grapefruit !"mc# energy froze into matter according to Albert !instein$s e%uation. This basically says that li&e sno fla&es freezing' energy forms matter into clumps that today e call protons' neutrons and electrons. These parts later form into atoms

~ (everal hundred thousand years after Big Bang

AT)*( form +specifically ,ydrogen and its isotopes ith a small amount of ,elium. The early .niverse as about 7/0 ,ydrogen and #/0 ,elium. 1t is still almost the

~#22 to 322 million years after Big Bang

1st stars and galaxies form

~ 3.4 billion years ago

)ur (olar syste m forms

*isconceptions about the Big Bang

there as no explosion5 there as +and continues to be- an expansion
6ather than imagining a balloon popping and releasing its contents' imagine a balloon expanding7 an infinitesimally small balloon expanding to the size of our current universe

e tend to image the singularity as a little fireball appearing some here in space
space began inside of the singularity. 8rior to the singularity' nothing existed' not space' time' matter' or energy 9 nothing.

Big Bang Timeline : 1nclude' label and color 1.;hat happened #.;hen each event +thing- happened

Big Bang : energy *atter !"mc# protons <eutrons electrons Atoms ,ydrogen helium (tars and galaxies )ur solar system

Big Bang evidence

1- .niversal expansion and ,ubble$s =a #- 3 degree bac&ground radiation 3- >uasars 3- 6adioactive decay /- (tellar formation and evolution 4- (peed of light and stellar distances

a- ,ubble observed the ma?ority of galaxies are moving a ay from us and each other b- The farther' the faster they move c- 6ed (hift

1. .niversal expansion and ,ubble$s =a

#. Bac& ground radiation

a- <oise radiation +static- is evenly spread across space b- The amount of radiation matched predictions c- @.).B.! satellite confirmed for the entire universe that noise radiation +static- is evenly spread d- =a of conservation of energy +energy can neither be created or

3. >uasars 9

super large +solar system size- galactic cores that put out more light than hole galaxies

)nly found 129 1/ billion light years a ay Aound no here else <othing exists past them

 6adiometric dating : gives us the age of items from the decay of radioactive materials found ithin the ob?ect *oon roc&s have been dated and found to be older than !arth

3. 6adioactive decay

Bives us an estimated

/. (tellar formation and evolution

;e observe the life cycles of stars across the universe using tools such as satellites and telescopes e vie stars form' burn and explode

4. (peed of light and stellar distances

The speed of light is a universal constant of 322'222 &mCs# ;e observe stars millionsCbillions of light9 years a ay A light9year is the distance that light travels in 1 year : the light e see today from a star /22 light years a ay is /22 years old The furthest stars a ay are 1291/ billion light years

=A(T=D : e are pretty sure everything has a beginning' rightE