COPYRIGHT RESERVED No Part Of This Presentation May Be Reproduced, Copied, Or Transmitted In Any Form . Or By Any Means!

Prepared By : Pn Norisah bt Mustaffa ( 013-9327266)

11/13/2013 1

Chapter 2
Prepared By Norisah Mustaffa (COPYRIGHT RESERVED)

2.1 2.2

Understand The Concept Of Regular Polygons. Understand And Use The Knowledge Of Exterior And Interior Angles Of Polygons.
11/13/2013 2

2.1 Understand The Concept Of Regular Polygons.

11/13/2013

A. Determining Regular Polygons

A regular polygon is a polygon that has equal sides.

All interior angles are equal.

Examples:

Square 60
Equilateral Triangle60 60
11/13/2013

Regular Hexagon

Regular Pentagon

Regular Octagon

2.1 Understand The Concept Of Regular Polygons.

A. Irregular Polygons
The diagram below shows examples of irregular polygons.

Not All interior angles are equal in size.

Not all sides are equal in length.
Examples:

11/13/2013

2.1 Understand The Concept Of Regular Polygons.

B. Determining The Axes Of Symmetry In A Polygons

All regular polygons have number of axes of symmetry. The for all regular polygons are equal to the number of sides.

Examples: Regular Hexagon

Square

Regular Octagon

11/13/2013

All regular polygons A regular regular square has octagon four A hexagon have equal number of axes has eight sides. equal So, it has six equal sides. based on four their number sides. has So, symmetry has eight So, it it has six of sides. symmetry axes.axes. symmetry axes.

2.1 Understand The Concept Of Regular Polygons.

C. Sketching Regular Polygons

A sketch must be drawn, before constructing any polygon. Sketch a polygon with the number of sides according on its name.
Examples:

All regular hexagon has six sides. So, sketch the hexagon with six equal sides.

11/13/2013

2.1 Understand The Concept Of Regular Polygons.

D. Drawing A Regular Polygon

To draw a regular polygon, divide the angles at the centre equally. Draw a regular pentagon by dividing the angles at the centre equally. Examples:
Step 1: Draw a circle as shown. Step 2: The size of Divide the circle into five equal angle the of five each sectors.Draw sectors by using a sector, protractor.

72

= 360 5 = 72

Step 3: Connect all the five points of each sector at the circumference of the circle. 11/13/2013

2.1 Understand The Concept Of Regular Polygons.

E. Constructing an Equalateral Triangle, Square And A Regular Hexagon.

A ruler and a pair of compasses can be used to construct an equilateral triangle, square and a regular hexagon. Example: Consrtuct an equilateral triangle ABC with sides of length 6 cm. Solution:

C
Step 1: Draw a line AB, 6 cm. Step 2: Set the compasses at 6 cm and using A and B as the centres, draw two arcs that intersect at C. Step 3: Join AC and BC using a ruler.
11/13/2013

6 cm

B
9

E. Constructing An Equalateral Triangle, Square And A Regular Hexagon.

A ruler and a pair of compasses can be used to construct an equilateral triangle, square and a regular hexagon. Example: Consrtuct a square JKLM with sides of length 5 cm. Solution:
Step 1: Draw a line JK, 5 cm. Draw a line perpendicular to JK through point J.

Step 2: With point J as the centre, mark point M such that JM = 5cm. Step 3: With point K and M as the centres and the compasses at 5 cm, draw 2 arcs that intersect at L.
Step 4: Join KL 11/13/2013 and LM using a ruler.

5 cm

5 cm

K
10

2.2 Exterior and Interior Angles of Polygons

a + w = 180 The angles at the vertices of a polygon are called the b + z = 180 interior angles. c + y = 180 z The angles lie outside of a b polygon are called exterior d + x = 180 angles. y The interior angle and the c exterior angle in a polygon a are supplementary angles, d w 180. x Interior angle + exterior angle = 180

11/13/2013

a, b, c and d = Interior Angles w, x, y and z = Exterior Angles

11

Interior Angles in a Polygon

Polygon
The sum of interior angles

Polygon

The sum of interior angles

1 x 180 = 180 2 x 180 = 360 3 x 180 = 540

4 x 180 = 720 5 x 180 = 900 6 x 180 = 1080

The sum of the interior angles = Number of triangles x 180 The size of each interior angle of a regular polygon with n sides is (Number of sides 2) x 180 Number of Sides = ( n 2) x 180 n
11/13/2013

(n = number of sides)
12

Exterior Angles of A Polygon

The sum of exterior angles of any polygon is 360. The size of each exterior angle of a regular polygon with n sides is, = 360 n
Example: Find the value of y in the diagram below.
Solution:

y = 360 6 = 60
y
11/13/2013 13

Lets Practice.
To study and learn a subject best ... understand it throughly before you start.

11/13/2013

14

Example 1: Find the value of x

125

The sum of exterior angles of any polygon = 360

Solution:

70

x = 360 - (70 +85+ 125) = 360 - 280 = 80

85
11/13/2013 15

Example 2:

Find the value of x

The size of each exterior angle of regular polygon with 8 sides is, x = 360 8
where n=number of sides Solution:

y = 360 8 = 45
16

11/13/2013

Example 3: Find the value of x

75

The sum of the exterior angles of any polygon is 360.

Solution:

85 x = 360 - (75 +85+ 95+55)

= 360 - 310 = 50

55

95
x
11/13/2013 17

Example 4: Find the value of x.

125 100 145 160

The sum of the interior angles of a polygon with 8 sides is 1080.

Solution:

x
x

The = = =

sum of the interior angle (8 2) x 180 6 x 180 1080

110

136

11/13/2013

2x = 1080 - (136 + 110 + 145 + 100 + 125 + 160) = 1080 - 776 = 304 x= 304 2 = 152 18

Example 5: The figure shows a regular hexagon. Find Solution: the value of x - y. x = (6 2) X 180 6 = 120 y Then y, x 120 = 180 120 = 60 So, x y, = 120 - 60 = 60
11/13/2013 19

Example 6. The diagram shows a regular pentagon. 0 is a centre. Find the value of x.

Solution:

0
x

A complete turn or one whole turn is 360. x = 360 5 = 72

11/13/2013

20

Example 7: Find the value of x.

Fill completely the value of angles if any. Sum of all the interior angles of a pentagon is (5-2) x 180 = 540

Solution:

90

x 110

x = 540 - (90 +80+ 110+110) = 540 - 390 = 150

70 110
11/13/2013

80
21

Example 8: Find the value of x.

Fill completely the value of angles if any. Sum of all the interior angles of a quadrilateral is (4 - 2) x 180 = 360

2x 2x

Solution:

110

70

4x = 360 - (90 +70) = 360 - 160 = 200 x = 200 4 = 50

11/13/2013

22

Example 9: Find the value of x.

25
25

Opposite vertically angles.

Solution:

58
122

25

Sum of angles of a triangle is 180. x = 180 - (122 + 25) = 180 - 147 = 33

Alternate angles, Z
11/13/2013

Sum of angles on a straight line is 180

23

Example 10: Find the values of x and y.

Solution:

52

x 75

97 140 y

11/13/2013

x + 52 = 180 x = 180 - 52 = 128 Sum of interior angles, = (5 2) x 180 = 3 x 180 = 540 y = 540 (75+140+97+128) = 540 - 440 = 100

24

Short Important Notes

1.
2. 3. 4. 5.

6.
7. 8. 9.

A Polygon is a closed two-dimensional shape with three or more straight lines as its sides. A regular polygons has equal sides and angles. Regular polygons can be drawn by dividing equally the angle at the centre. The number of axes symmetry are equal with the number of sides of polygons. Interior angles are angles at the vertices of a polygon. Exterior angles are angles outside a polygon. Interior angle + exterior angle = 180 (supplementary angles) The sum of interior angles of a polygon = (n 2) x 180, where n is the number of sides. The sum of the exterior angles is 360. Exterior angle of a regular polygon is 360 n
11/13/2013 25

Thank you

11/13/2013

Maths is fun ... and who can doubt it ... if we have ... no doubt about it !

26