Ethical Decision Making

Consider This: You and Al

You are the manager for Big-Mart, a large discount retailer. You recently fired Al, a sales clerk, after Al punched a customer during a dispute in the store(Al admitted this after the customer complained). Sue, manager of your competitor, Mega-Mart, calls you to tell you that Al has applied for a job at Mega-Mart, and to ask you whether Al is good with customers. WHAT DO YOU DO ?

WHAT IS

ETHICS?

(class discussion)

What is Ethics?

Ethics: The study of right and wrong in action Learning Objective: Be able to effectively resolve ethical dilemmas in business Moral philosophy: tools for this process Values: principles that are important to individual, group

Legal Responsibilities & Ethical Dilemmas

Legal duties may be clear Is the decision the RIGHT action to take? Making a business decision can involve ethical dilemmas

An Ethical Dilemma?

Choice to be made Implicates competing values, rights, & goals Potential harm to decision maker? Potential harm to others? Ripple effect: long-term, far reaching implications of decision to be made.

With an Emphasis on Ethics

A COMPARISON

LAW & ETHICS

Is legal the same as ethical?

YES or No or Maybe, or I Dont Know?

Is legal the same as ethical?

YES?

If one is acting within the law presumably one is acting ethically. The law defines specific duties. Some conduct is allowed some not. Balance competing values. Compliance no further action Formal punishment of illegal conduct.

Is legal the same as ethical?

NO?

Ethics offers guidance on how one should act. Addresses situations where competing values clash. Action or inaction may be controlled by formal or informal process. Action beyond mere compliance to legal duty.

How to Evaluate Solutions: Some Theories

Stakeholder/Utilitarian Theory: greatest good to the greatest number Rights Theory: Respecting and protecting individual rights to fair and equal treatment, privacy, freedom to advance, etc. Justice Theory: fair distribution of benefits and burdens: can harm to individual be justifiable? Categorical Imperative: what if everyone took such action? Front Page Test: What if my decision was reported on the front page of the Los Angeles Times?

How to Resolve Ethical Dilemmas in Business

Identify relevant facts Identify relevant issue(s) Identify primary stakeholders Identify possible solutions Evaluate each possible solution Compare and assess consequences Decide on solution Take action

Additional Approaches to Ethical Decision Making

Five Question Approach (Tucker) Moral Standards Approach (Velasquez) Pastins Approach

Practical Approaches to Ethics

Five Question Approach (Tucker) Evaluate each alternative on:

Profitability (shareholders) Legality (society at large) Fairness Impact on the rights of stakeholders Impact on sustainable development (environment)

Practical Approaches to Ethics

Moral Standards Approach (Velasquez) Is the decision:

Of net benefit to society Fair to all stakeholders (fair distribution of benefits and burdens) Consistent with each persons rights

Practical Approaches to Ethics

Pastins approach (Pastin)

Ground rule ethics (organization/individual rules and values) End-point ethics (greatest net good for all concerned) Rule ethics (determine ethical boundaries to take into account impingement of rights) Social contract ethics (how to move boundaries)

Consider This: You and Al

You are the manager for Big-Mart, a large discount retailer. You recently fired Al, a sales clerk, after Al punched a customer during a dispute in the store(Al admitted this after the customer complained). Sue, manager of your competitor, Mega-Mart, calls you to tell you that Al has applied for a job at Mega-Mart, and to ask you whether Al is good with customers. WHAT DO YOU DO ?

Class Exercise
Evaluate You and Al in Light of Class Discussion

Legal vs. Ethical You and Al

Action Tell the Truth Legal/Illegal Ethical/Unethical

Lie
No Comment

Other

End of Ethics Exercise