Present Simple

• Korduv, regulaarne tegevus:

I WORK every day / each Monday /
only on Wednesdays.
• Üldine, tavapärane tegevus;
loodusseadused / füüsika etc.
reeglid:
I usually DO NOT WORK in summer.
She DOES NOT WORK at night.
Magnet ATTRACTS iron.
• !!! Spordikommentarid: … and now
he PASSES the ball … and off he GOES
towards the goal…
Aari Juhanson, MA 2008
 Present Progressive
• Hetkel toimuv, pooleliolev tegevus:
S/he IS TALKing on the phone now. I
AM READing an interesting book.
• Ajutine, regulaarsele ja tavapärasele
vastanduv tegevus (tulevikku viitav):
This summer they ARE not GROWing
cucumbers as usual. They’RE GROWing
tomatoes instead.
• !!! Halvakspanu väljendus
harjumuspärase tegevuse kohta: He IS
always COMPLAINing!
Aari Juhanson, MA 2008
 Present Perfect ON -NUD
• Toimunud tegevus, seos olevikuga:
I have WORKed here for 3 years.
• Toimunud olevikuga
seotud/lõpetamata tegevus (saab
muuta):
S/he has CALLed them twice already.
• !!! Kordne tegevus:
It’s the umpteenth time you’ve TOLD
me this! Have I ever FORGOTTEN
anything?
• !!! Tutvuse pikkuse väljendus: I don’t
know how long I have
Aari Juhanson, MA 2008
 Present Perfect
Progressive
• Tegevuse protsessi/kestvuse
rõhutamine, lõpetamata:
I have been WORKing on this
project since morning! (I’m sick &
tired of it!)
• Äsja lõppenud tegevuse
nähtavate tagajärgede
kirjeldus:
It has been RAINing. (Ground
still wet.) S/he has been
Aari Juhanson, MA 2008
Non-progressive verbs

Aari Juhanson, MA 2008

 Examples
• What do you think about this idea? – Turn the
music down, please, I’m thinking.
• Everyone has something to believe in. – We
were having a great time at the party
yesterday.
• They are really tired again. – She’s being really
nasty to us.
• Do you see that red car over there? – I’m seeing
a dentist tomorrow morning. / I’m afraid he’s
seeing things.
• We hear something new each day. – I thought I
was hearing things when music suddenly began
to play.
• I consider him to be a very
Aari Juhanson, lucky man. – I’m
MA 2008
 Past Simple
• Ära toimunud (regulaarne) tegevus:
I WORKED yesterday. S/he didn’t WORK
last Monday.
• Lõpetatud tegevus:
I already CALLED them today. (I’m not
going to call again!)
Which countries did you VISIT? (You’re
back …) BUT:
Which countries have you VISITED so far?
(You’re not back yet or you travel regularly …)
• Jutustused, mineviku sündmuste
kirjeldus: Aari Juhanson, MA 2008
 Past Progressive
• Minevikus pooleliolnud/pooleliolev
tegevus:
S/he WAS TALKing on the phone when
you CAME.
He WAS already SLEEPing when Odie
CAME.
• Ajutine, regulaarsele ja tavapärasele
vastanduv tegevus (tulevikku viitav):
This summer they WERE not GROWing
cucumbers as usual. They WERE
GROWing tomatoes instead.
Aari Juhanson, MA 2008
 Past Perfect OLI -NUD
• Toimunud tegevus, enne teist
mineviku tegevust:
I had WORKed there for 3 years until
they finally PROMOTED me.
The classes had already STARTED by
the time Arno ARRIVED at the schoolhouse
with his father.
Garfield had EATEN all pizzas by the
time we REACHED home.

• had + -ed/3 pv
• ‘d = had / would
Aari Juhanson, MA 2008
 Past Perfect Progressive
• Mineviku lõpetamata tegevuse
protsessi või kestvuse rõhutamine:
They had been WATCHing TV since
morning (and he was going slightly
mad).
• Äsja lõppenud tegevuse (tagajärjed
nähtavad) kirjeldus minevikus:
It had not been RAINing for weeks,
everything was crisp and dry and
brown.
He had been PAINTing.
Aari Juhanson, MA 2008
 Future Tenses
• Lihttulevik (Future Simple / Future
Indefinite) – markeerimata tuleviku
tegevus
• Kestev tulevik (Future Progressive
/ Future Continuous) – pooleli- või
käimasolev tegevus tulevikus
• Perfekti tulevik!!! (Future Perfect)
– tulevikus tehtud saav tegevus
ON –NUD (= saab olema lõppenud)
• Kestev perfekti tulevik (Future
Perfect Progressive) – tulevikus
pooleli- või käimasoleva tegevuse
Aari Juhanson, MA 2008
 Future Simple
Tuleviku moodustamise võimalused:
• WILL / SHALL + 1pv:
Next year I WILL GO somewhere
special.
SHALL we HAVE chicken or fish for
dinner?
• BE (am/is/are) GOING TO + 1pv:
We’RE GOING TO SPEND this weekend
at home.
I don’t know if they ARE GOING TO
THROW a party or not.
!!! NB!!! BE GOING TO saab kasutada ka
mineviku kohta: I WAS GOING TO CALL
Aari Juhanson, MA 2008
 Future Simple - WILL
• Ennustamine, oletus:
He’ll probably FAIL the exam (he
doesn’t study).
I don’t expect/think it will RAIN
tomorrow.
• Lubadused:
I’ll MEET you at midnight. I’ll PAY
you tomorrow.
• Hetke otsused/keeldumised:
What would you like? – I’ll HAVE
some soup.
Aari Juhanson, MA 2008
 Future Simple – BE
• GOING
Oletus hetke TO põhjal:
situatsiooni
Watch out! This cake is going to
FALL soon.
Look at these clouds. It’s going to
RAIN tonight.
• Ettekavatsetud, planeeritud
tegevus:
I am going to DO some shopping,
would you like something. – No, thanks,
I’m fine. I’m going to PREPARE some
lasagna instead.
What job is he going to APPLY for?
Aari Juhanson, MA 2008
 Future Simple – Oleviku
ajad
• Kindel planeeritud tegevus (plaan,
leping vmt):
He’s getting a dog for his birthday. (he
knows)
I’m going to the dentist tomorrow.
(appointment)
• Kindel, täpne, konkreetne planeeritud
tegevus:
Our plane leaves 6:25. The party starts
at 5 p.m.
COMPARE!
I’m having a party. – I’m going to have
Aari Juhanson, MA 2008
 Future Progressive
• Tulevikus pooleliolev tegevus:
She WILL BE WORKing in the garden at
that time of the day so, don’t call.
Most probably I’LL BE SURFing if the
weather is fine.

Garfield WILL not BE SLEEPing only as

usual.
He WILL probably BE DRIVing a lot this
summer.
Aari Juhanson, MA 2008
 Future Perfect
• Tegevus, mis tulevikus saab olema
toimunud:
In a few seconds he will have
EATEN this sandwich!
• Lõpetamata tegevus tulevikus,
toimunud mingit aega:
Soon he will have WAITed there for 5
hours.
• will have + -ed/3 pv

Aari Juhanson, MA 2008