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VRML 2.0 Scene Graph Structure

Nodes

Group

Transformation

Shape

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Shape Node: Shape

Contained Nodes
appea
rance
Appearance

tex

ry
tu

et
l reT
Box ria

texture
om
at e ran

ge
m sfo
Cone rm
Cylinder
Sphere Image, Movie Texture
Extrusion Material
PixelTexture Transform

Point Indexed Indexed

Text Elevation
Set Line Face Grid
Set Set
d r
coor te colo
le

rd xC
co

al
coo
tSty

ord
rd

oo
lor

norm
or

r
coo

olo rd
col
fon

texCo
c
al
rm
no

Texture
FontStyle Coordinate Color Normal
Coordinate

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Text Node Definition

fontStyle Node Definition
Text {
exposedField MFString string []
exposedField SFNode fontStyle NULL
exposedField MFFloat length []
exposedField SFFloat maxExtent 0.0
}

FontStyle {
field MFString family “SERIF”
field SFBool horizontal TRUE
field MFString justify “BEGIN”
field SFSring language ““
field SFFloat size 1.0
field SFFloat spacing 1.0
field SFString style “PLAIN”
field SFBool topToBottom TRUE
field SFBool leftToRight TRUE
}
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Appearance & Material Nodes

Appearance {
exposedField SFNode material NULL
exposedField SFNode texture NULL
exposedField SFNode textureTransform NULL
}

Material {
exposedField SFFloat ambientIntensity 0.2
exposedField SFColor diffuseColor 0.8 0.8 0.8
exposedField SFColor emissiveColor 0 0 0
exposedField SFFloat shininess 0.2
exposedField SFColor specularColor 0 0 0
exposedField SFFloat transparency 0
}

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Texture Node Definitions

ImageTexture {
exposedField MFString url []
field SFBool repeatS TRUE
feild SFBool repeatT TRUE
}

PixelTexture {
exposedField SFImage image 0 0 0
field SFBool repeatS TRUE
feild SFBool repeatT TRUE
}

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Texture Node Definitions,

Continued

MovieTexture {
exposedField SFBool loop FALSE
exposedField SFFloat speed 1
exposedField SFTime startTime 0
exposedField SFTime stopTime 0
exposedField MFString url []
field SFBool repeatS TRUE
field SFBool repeatT TRUE
eventOut SFFloat duration_changed
eventOut SFBool isActive
}

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Lighting in VRML 2.0

Directional Light Source

DirectionalLight {
exposedField SFFloat ambientIntensity 0
exposedField SFColor color 1 1 1
exposedField SFVec3f direction 0 0 -1
exposedField SFFloat intensity 1
exposedField SFBool on TRUE
}

Directional lights are “scoped” to illuminate only objects in

their group.

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Lighting in VRML 2.0

Point Light Sources

PointLight {
exposedField SFFloat ambientIntensity 0
exposedField SFVec3f attenuation 1 0 0
exposedField SFColor color 1 1 1
exposedField SFFloat intensity 1
exposedField SFVec3f location 0 0 0
exposedField SFBool on TRUE
exposedField SFFloat radius 100
}

Scoping for the PointLight is given by the radius field,

beyond which no objects are illuminated

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Lighting in VRML 2.0

Spotlights

SpotLight {
exposedField SFFloat ambientIntensity 0
exposedField SFVec3f attenuation 1 0 0
exposedField SFFloat beamwidth 1.570796
exposedField SFColor color 1 1 1
exposedField SFFloat cutOffAngle 0.785398
exposedField SFVec3f direction 0 0 -1
exposedField SFFloat intensity 1
exposedField SFVec3f location 0 0 0
exposedField SFBool on TRUE
exposedField SFFloat radius 100
}

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Transform Node Definition

Transform {
enventIn MFNode addChildren
eventIn MFNode removeChildren
exposedField SFVec3f center 0 0 0
exposedField MFNode children []
exposedField SFRotation rotation 0 0 1 0
exposedField SFVec3f scale 1 1 1
exposedField SFRotation scaleOrientation 0 0 1 0
exposedField SFVec3f translation 0 0 0
field SFVec3f bboxCenter 0 0 0
field SFVec3f bboxSize -1 -1 -1
}

Order of application:

T(translation) • T(rotation) • T(scale) {children}

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GroupNode Definition

Transform {
enventIn MFNode addChildren
eventIn MFNode removeChildren
exposedField MFNode children []
field SFVec3f bboxCenter 0 0 0
field SFVec3f bboxSize -1 -1 -1
}

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Viewing in VRML 2.0

Viewpoint {
eventIn SFBool set_bind
exposedField SFFloat fieldOfView 0.785396
exposedField SFBool jump TRUE
exposedField SFRotation orientation 0 0 1 0
exposedField SFVec3f position 0 0 10
field SFString description ““
eventOut SFTime bindTime
eventOut SFBool isBound
}

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Sound in VRML 2.0

Definition of Sound Node

Sound {
exposedField SFVec3f direction 0 0 1
exposedField SFFloat intensity 1
exposedField SFVec3f location 0 0 0
exposedField SFFloat maxBack 10
exposedField SFFloat maxFront 10
exposedField SFFloat minBack 1
exposedField SFFloat minFront 1
exposedField SFFloat priority 0
exposedField SFNode source NULL
field SFBool spatialize TRUE
}

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Sound in VRML2.0
Definition of AudioClip Node

AudioClip {
exposedField SFString description ““
exposedField SFBool loop FALSE
exposedField SFFloat pitch 1.0
exposedField SFTime startTime 0
exposedField SFTime stopTime 0
exposedField MFString url []
eventOut duration_changed
eventOut isActive
}

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Spatial Sound Pattern in VRML 2.0

Constant intensity

location Linear Attenuation

direction

minBack minFront

maxFront
maxBack

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Internode Communication:
Events

eventOut
Node A Node B

Node C
eventIn

Connection by a ROUTE

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Internode Communication
Node Field Classes

field Private node member

exposedField Public node member

eventIn Event received by node

eventOut Event sent by node

set_<fieldNname> Event received by node

<fieldName>_changed Event sent by node

Type and value of events correspond to type and value of node fields.

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Internode Communication
Route Syntax

DEF T1 Transform { . . . }
DEF T2 Transform { . . . }
DEF T3 Transform { . . . }
. . .
ROUTE T1.translation_changed TO T2.set_translation
ROUTE T2.translation_changed TO T3.set_translation

T1 T2 T3

translation translation translation

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Event Generators:
Touch Sensor

= Shapes Sensed

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Event Generators:
Touch Sensor

TouchSensor {
exposedField SFBool enabled TRUE
eventOut SFVec3f hitNormal_changed
eventOut SFVec3f hitPoint_changed
eventOut SFVec2f hitTexCoord_changed
eventOut SFBool isActive
eventOut SFBool isOver
eventOut SFTime touchTime
}

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Touch Sensor
Example
Group {
children [
DEF TS TouchSensor { }
Shape {
appearance Appearance {
material Material {
diffuseColor 0 0.5 0
}
}
geometry Sphere {}
}
DEF Highlight DirectionalLight {
color 1 0 0
on FALSE
}
DEF ActiveLight DirectionalLight {
color 0 0 1
on FALSE
}
]
ROUTE TS.isOver TO Highlight.set_on
ROUTE TS.isActive TO ActiveLight.set_on
}
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Touch Sensor
Example
Group {
children [
DEF TS TouchSensor { }
Shape {
appearance Appearance {
material Material {
diffuseColor 0 0.5 0
}
}
geometry Sphere {}
}
Sound {
maxBack 1000
maxFront 1000
source DEF Audio AudioClip {
url “horse.wav”
}
}
]
ROUTE TS.touchTime TO Audio.startTime
}

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Adding Behavior to Objects

TimeSensor Interpolator General Node

Generates Maps [0,1]

time vary- to field
ing scalar data type
in range [0,1] values.
[0,1]

ScalarInterpolator
PositionInterpolator
OrientationInterpolator
CoordinateInterpolator
ColorInterpolator

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Time Sensor
TimeSensor {
exposedField SFTime cycleInterval 1
exposedField SFBool enabled TRUE
exposedField SFBool loop FALSE
exposedField SFTime startTime 0
exposedField SFTime stopTime 0
eventOut SFTime cycleTime
eventOut SFFloat fraction_changed
eventOut SFBool isActive
eventOut SFTime time
}

loop=TRUE

loop=FALSE

startTime cycleInterval stopTime UML

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Position Interpolator

PositionInterpolator {
eventIn SFFloat set_fraction
exposedField MFFloat key []
exposedField MFVec3f keyValue []
eventOut SFVec3f value_changed
}
y

Input: [ 0 1]
z

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Position Animation
Example
Def T Transform {
translation 0 5 0
children [
Shape {
geometry Cone {}
appearance Appearance {
material Material {
diffuseColor 1 0 0
}
}
}
]
}
Def P PositionInterpolator {
key [0, 0.5, 1]
keyValue [ 0 0 0, 4 0 0, 0 0 0]
}
Def TS TimeSensor {
stopTime -1
loop TRUE
}
ROUTE TS.fraction_changed TO P.set_fraction
ROUTE P.value_changed TO T.set_translation
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Java 3D:
Class Hierarchy

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Java 3D:
Viewing Classes

Contains information
about physical screen

Contains most of
view state

Locates a view
within scene

3D version of
Abstract Windowing
Toolkit

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Java 3D:
Sample Code to Build Scene Graph

Shape3D myShape1 = new Shape3D(myGeometry1, myAppearance1);

Shape3D myShape2 = new Shape3D(myGeometry2, myAppearance2);

BranchGroup myBranch = new BranchGroup();

myBranch.addChild(myShape1);
myBranch.addChild(myShape2);
myBranch.compile();

VirtualUniverse myUniverse = new VirtualUniverse();

Locale myLocale = new Locale(myUniverse);
myLocale.addBranchGraph(myBranch);

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Java 3D:
Scene Graph Built

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Java 3D;
Node Class Hierarchy

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Java 3D
“Hello Universe” Program
public class HelloUniverse extends Applet {
public BranchGroup createSceneGraph() {
// Create the root of the branch graph

BranchGroup objRoot = new BranchGroup();

// Create the TransformGroup node and initialize it to the

// identity. Enable the TRANSFORM_WRITE capability so that
// our behavior code can modify it at run time. Add it to
// the root of the subgraph.

TransformGroup objTrans = new TransformGroup();

objTrans.setCapability(
TransformGroup.ALLOW_TRANSFORM_WRITE);
objRoot.addChild(objTrans);

// Create a simple Shape3D node; add it to the scene graph.

objTrans.addChild(new ColorCube(0.4));

// Create a new Behavior object that will perform the

// desired operation on the specified transform and add
// it into the scene graph.

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Java 3D
“Hello Universe” Program, contd.
Transform3D yAxis = new Transform3D();
Alpha rotationAlpha = new Alpha(-1, 4000);
RotationInterpolator rotator = new RotationInterpolator(
rotationAlpha, objTrans, yAxis,
0.0f, (float) Math.PI*2.0f);
BoundingSphere bounds =
new BoundingSphere(new Point3d(0.0,0.0,0.0), 100.0);
rotator.setSchedulingBounds(bounds);
objRoot.addChild(rotator);

// Have Java 3D perform optimizations on this scene graph.

objRoot.compile();

return objRoot;
}

public HelloUniverse() {
<set layout of applet, construct canvas3d, add canvas3d>

// Create the scene; attach it to the virtual universe

BranchGroup scene = createSceneGraph();

SimpleUniverse u = new SimpleUniverse(canvas3d);
u.getViewingPlatform().setNominalViewingTransform();
u.addBranchGraph(scene);
}
}

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