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Modules 21 and 22
Todays Agenda
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25 minute lecture on Cell communication LISTEN only Small group work to fill in notes and ask questions Class discussion and Review Concept Map In class quiz
Cell Communication
Signal: agent which influences a property of the cell Receptor: protein which recognizes signal and begin the cellular response Why do cells need to respond to signals??
4. Paracrine Signaling: secreted signal affects only target cells in close proximity. Ex. Synapses
5.Endocrine Signaling: long distance via vascular system. Hormones
3.Cellular Response
Can: alter activity of enzymes, alter protein structure and function, or change gene expression by regulating transcription factors
3 categories
1.Ligand-gated ion channels
2.Enzyme-Linked receptors
3.G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR)
phosphorylate AAs of proteins EX. Tyrosine Kinase: phosphorylate tyrosine thus changing structure of protein. Most abundant type
animation of RTKs
Phosphorylation of Proteins
Phosphorylation changes proteins shape and electrostatic contours. Phosphorylation is done by KINASES and often activates the proteins. PHOSPHATASES dephosphorylate proteins
GPCR
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GPCR animation
Second Messenger: small molecules/ions that relay signal in cell: short duration
EX: cAMP, Ca+, diacyglycerol (DAG), inositol triphosphate (IP) cAMP: cyclic adenosine monophosphatesynthesized from ATP when activated protein/GTP subunit binds to adenylyl cyclase in Plasma membrane.
cell response to Epinephrine- results in glycogen breakdown and prevention of glycogen synthesis resulting in more glucose for use by muscles- FIGHT or FLIGHT animation
nG-Protein
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Advantages of cAMP
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1. Signal amplification
Binding of signal to single receptor can cause the synthesis of many cAMP that activate PKA, each PKA can phosphorylate many proteins
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2. Speed
In one experiment a substantial amount of cAMP was made within 20 seconds after addition of signal
Intracellular Receptors
http://www.cellsignal.com/reference/pathway/M APK_G_Protein.html
Applications of Concept:
Group work How does the cell communicate? How does distance
determine method? provide an example Explain what a ligand is and how it binds to a receptor? What types of cell surface receptors are there? How do they differ? How are they similar?
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Ligand
Enzyme linked receptor
Conformational change in receptor
GPCR
Cell response
Cell response
module 22 quiz