Kelompok 1

Herry Wijaya 04 00 02 035Y Pande Made Andi S. 04 00 02 044X Rezky Stefanus 04 00 02 0482 Vandrya H.L. 04 00 02 0571 Putri Dwithasari 04 00 02 7045
CreativeProduct2003

Material dasar biologi (organik) seperti kayu, tumbuhan, dan kotoran hewan yang dapat digunakan sebagai sumber energi. Berasal dari energi matahari yang ditransfer pada tumbuhtumbuhan melalui proses fotosintesis.

SUMBER ENERGI POTENSIAL INDONESIA

RE Source Geothermal Micro-hydro Solar/PV Wind Biomass Biogas Total Installed Capacity*) MWe 589 21 5 0.5 178 10 803.5 Potential (MWe) 19650 458.75 156487 9286 49807 684.83 236373.58 % Utilization 3.00 4.58 3.20E-03 5.38E-03 0.36 1.46 0.34

INTRO
SOURCE

SUMBER-SUMBER BIOMASS

PROFIT
PROCESS
DEVELOPMENT

Sisa-sisa pertanian: bagasse dari sugarcane, serat jagung, gabah, dan kulit kacang

BARRIER
CONCLUSION

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SOURCE

SUMBER-SUMBER BIOMASS

PROFIT
PROCESS
DEVELOPMENT

Sampah kayu: sisa gergaji, timber slash, mill scrap

BARRIER
CONCLUSION

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SOURCE

SUMBER-SUMBER BIOMASS

PROFIT
PROCESS
DEVELOPMENT

Sampah kertas dan urban yard clippings dalam municipal waste. Energy crops: Trees, rumput

BARRIER
CONCLUSION

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SUMBER-SUMBER BIOMASS

PROFIT
PROCESS
DEVELOPMENT

Landfills, municipal waste water treatment, dan manure lagoons pada hewan ternak, dan hog farm.

BARRIER
CONCLUSION

INTRO
SOURCE

KEUNTUNGAN PENGGUNAAN BIOMASS Dapat diperbaharui.

PROFIT
PROCESS
DEVELOPMENT

BARRIER
CONCLUSION

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SOURCE

KEUNTUNGAN PENGGUNAAN BIOMASS

PROFIT
PROCESS
DEVELOPMENT

Secara ekonomi : Menciptakan lapangan kerja baru. Meningkatkan pendapatan petani.

BARRIER
CONCLUSION

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KEUNTUNGAN PENGGUNAAN BIOMASS

Ditinjau dari segi lingkungan : Mengurangi efek rumah kaca (pemanasan global). Mengurangi kemungkinan terjadinya hujan asam. Mengurangi polusi air

PROFIT
PROCESS
DEVELOPMENT

BARRIER
CONCLUSION

INTRO BIOMASS
SOURCE

PROFIT

THERMAL
PROCESS
DEVELOPMENT

BIOLOGICAL

BARRIER
CONCLUSION

DIRECT COMBUSTION

PYROLYSIS

GASIFICATION

LIQUEFACTION

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION

FERMENTATION

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SOURCE

DIRECT COMBUSTION

PROFIT
PROCESS
DEVELOPMENT

BARRIER
CONCLUSION

TREE

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SOURCE

DIRECT COMBUSTION

PROFIT
PROCESS
DEVELOPMENT

BARRIER
CONCLUSION

TREE

INTRO
SOURCE

GASIFICATION

PROFIT
PROCESS
DEVELOPMENT

BARRIER
CONCLUSION

TREE

INTRO
SOURCE

GASIFICATION

PROFIT
PROCESS
DEVELOPMENT

BARRIER
CONCLUSION

TREE

INTRO
SOURCE

GASIFICATION

PROFIT
PROCESS
DEVELOPMENT

BARRIER
CONCLUSION

TREE

INTRO
SOURCE

LIQUEFACTION

PROFIT
PROCESS
DEVELOPMENT

BARRIER
CONCLUSION

TREE

INTRO
SOURCE

PYROLYSIS

PROFIT
PROCESS
DEVELOPMENT

BARRIER
CONCLUSION

TREE

INTRO
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PYROLYSIS

PROFIT
PROCESS
DEVELOPMENT

BARRIER
CONCLUSION

TREE

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SOURCE

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION

PROFIT
PROCESS
DEVELOPMENT

BARRIER
CONCLUSION

TREE

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SOURCE

FERMENTATION

PROFIT
PROCESS
DEVELOPMENT

BARRIER
CONCLUSION

TREE

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SOURCE

PERKEMBANGAN BIOMASS DUNIA

PROFIT
PROCESS
DEVELOPMENT

BARRIER
CONCLUSION

INTRO
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PERKEMBANGAN BIOMASS DUNIA

PROFIT
PROCESS
DEVELOPMENT

BARRIER
CONCLUSION

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PERKEMBANGAN BIOMASS INDONESIA

Production Technical energy potential [million GJ/year] 120

PROFIT
PROCESS
DEVELOPMENT

Biomass

Main region

[million t/year]
41 (replanting)

Remarks

Rubber wood

BARRIER
CONCLUSION

Sumatera, Kalimantan, Java

small logs <10 cm big and medium logs are used as fire wood in brick and roof tile industry: price 20,000 30,000 IDR/m

Logging residues Sawn timber residues

Sumatera, Kalimantan Sumatera, Kalimantan

4.5 1.3

19 13 Residues of the factories are often used as fire wood by local communities, residues available for free

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PERKEMBANGAN BIOMASS INDONESIA

Production Biomass Main region [million t/year] 1.5 Technical energy potential [million GJ/year] 16

PROFIT
PROCESS
DEVELOPMENT

Remarks

BARRIER
CONCLUSION

Plywood and veneer production residues Sugar residues

Kalimantan, Sumatera, Java, Irian Jaya, Maluku Java, Sumatera, South Kalimantan

Residues are generally used, yet

Bagasse: 10 cane tops: 4 cane leaves: 9.6

78

Bagasse is generally used in sugar factories (90 %) The use of cane tops and leaves needs to be investigated

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PERKEMBANGAN BIOMASS INDONESIA

Production Biomass Main region [million t/year] Husk: 12 bran 2.5 stalk: 2 straw: 49 Technical energy potential [million GJ/year] 150

PROFIT
PROCESS
DEVELOPMENT

Remarks

Rice residues

BARRIER
CONCLUSION

Java, Sumatera, Sulawesi, Kalimantan, Bali/Nusa Tenggara

Stalk and straw are generated at the field and generally burnt, in some areas used for feeding or raw material for paper industry Husks often burnt uncontrolled Residues are generated decentralised and usually left on the plantation field Largely used as fire wood and for the production of charcoal

Coconut residues

Sumatera, Java, Sulawesi

Shell: 0.4 husk: 0.7

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PERKEMBANGAN BIOMASS INDONESIA

Production Biomass Main region [million t/year] Technical energy potential [million GJ/year]

PROFIT
PROCESS
DEVELOPMENT

Remarks

Palm oil residues

BARRIER
CONCLUSION

Sumatera new areas: Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Maluku, Nusa Tenggara, Irian Jaya

Empty fruit 67 bunches: 3.4 Fibres: 3.6 palm shells: 1.2

Palm shells and fibres are common fuel sources, EFB are generally incinerated

Tabel 1. Residu Biomass Utama yang berpotensial sebagai Sumber Energi Sumber: ZREU, CGI 2000.

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PERBANDINGAN SUMBER BIOMASS KOTA-KOTA DI DUNIA

Cities Sao Paulo* Washington* Bangkok* Quito* Abidjan*

Kg waste /inhab.day
0.96 3.414 0.88 0.77 0.5478

PROFIT
PROCESS
DEVELOPMENT

BARRIER
Indonesian cities**:
CONCLUSION

1.Medan 2.Palembang 3.Jakarta (avg.)

0.5 0.69 1 to 3.5

4. Bandung
5. Semarang 6. Surabaya 7. Ujung Pandang

0.967
0.458 0.82 0.898

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KOMPOSISI SAMPAH BIOMASS INDONESIA

Composition Medan 17.5 0 48.2 0 2.3 13.5 3.5 2.3 12.7 Palembang 18.8 75.2 0.3 0.5 3.3 0.8 0.4 0.6 Bandung 10.4 0 63.6 1.8 4.1 5.6 0.9 1.5 12.1 Semarang 12.28 25.74 34.12 1.56 1.08 13.5 1.82 0.49 1.74 7.64 Surabaya 12.45 71.85 1.94 0.54 7.6 0.9 0.9 3.82 Jakarta 10.11 3.12 65.05 2.45 0.55 11.08 1.9 1.63 4.11 U.Pandang 14.15 1.15 65.84 1.22 0.36 6.19 1.89 1.28 2.33 5.6

PROFIT
PROCESS
DEVELOPMENT

Papers Wood/bamboo Kitchen wastes textile Rubber/leather Plastics

BARRIER
CONCLUSION

Metal Sand, ceramic, dusts Glass Others

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POTENSI BIOMASS DI INDONESIA

Mill size 1. Saw mills 1000-3000 m3/y Capacity of CHP technology 40-100 kWe Biomass potential for power generation 0.6 m3 wood waste/m3 sawn timber ~ 130 kWh/m3 sawn timber 0.8 m3 wood waste/m3 plywood ~ 200kWh/m3 plywood 0.3 t bagasse/t sugarcane ~ 100 kWh/t sugar cane 280 kg husk/t paddy ~ 120 kWh/t paddy

PROFIT
PROCESS
DEVELOPMENT

2. Ply wood mills

40 000-120 000 m3/y

1.5 3 MWe

BARRIER
3. Sugar mills
CONCLUSION

1000- 4000 TCD < 0.7 t/h >0.7 t/h

3-10 MWe 30-70 kWe 100-300 kWe

4. Rice mills

5. Palm oil mills

20- 60 t FFB/h

2-6 MWe

0.2 t EFB/t FFB 0.2 t fibre/t FFB 70 kg shells/t FFB ~160 kWh/t FFB

Note: TCD= tones of Cane per day; FFB= Full Fruit Bunches; EFB= Empty Fruit Bunches. Source:ZREU (2000)

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KELEMAHAN & KEKURANGAN

PROFIT
PROCESS
DEVELOPMENT

BARRIER
CONCLUSION

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KELEMAHAN & KEKURANGAN

PROFIT
PROCESS
DEVELOPMENT

Produk mahal
Tergantung musim Penggunaan jarang

BARRIER
CONCLUSION

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KESIMPULAN

PROFIT
PROCESS
DEVELOPMENT

BARRIER
CONCLUSION

INTRO
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KESIMPULAN

PROFIT
PROCESS
DEVELOPMENT

BARRIER
CONCLUSION

INTRO
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KESIMPULAN

PROFIT
PROCESS
DEVELOPMENT

BARRIER
CONCLUSION

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KESIMPULAN
Potensi biomas di Indonesia diestimasikan mencapai 46,7 juta ton per tahun, sebanding dengan 470 GJ/y. Penggunaan biomas sudah cukup luas dikalangan masyarakat seperti peralatan masak, peralatan elektronik, fertilizer, proses pemanasan pada industri pedesaan. Kebijakan dan peraturan baru yang dibuat oleh pemerintah mengenai energi ramah lingkungan membuat biomas menjadi salah satu energi alternative yang mampu dikembangkan pada masa mendatang.

PROFIT
PROCESS
DEVELOPMENT

BARRIER
CONCLUSION

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THE END

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CONCLUSION

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