Operation Scheduling Assignment

Single Machine, Parallel Machine and Flow Shop Scheduling Examples

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Single Machine Scheduling

Q. The Neptunes Den Machine Shop specializes in overhauling outboard marine engines. Some
engines require replacement of broken parts, whereas others need a complete overhaul. Currently, five engines with varying problems are awaiting service. The best estimates for the labor times involved and the promise dates (in number of days from today) are shown in the following table. Customers usually do not pick up their engines early. a. Develop separate schedules by using the SPT and EDD rules b. Compare these schedules with respect to their performance measures

Engine 50-hp Evinrude 7-hp Johnson 100-hp Mercury 50-hp Honda 75-hp Nautique

Processing Time, Including Setup (days) 6 2 3 4 5

Promise Date (days from now) 18 6 9 11 8

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Single Machine Scheduling

SOLUTION a. Using the SPT rule, we obtain the following schedule:

Engine 7-hp Johnson 100-hp Mercury 50-hp Honda 75-hp Nautique 50-hp Evinrude Total

Processing Time, Promise Date (days Including Setup (days) from now) 2 3 4 5 6 6 9 11 8 18

Flow Time 2 5 9 14 20 50

Lateness -4 -4 -2 6 2

Tardiness 0 0 0 6 2 8

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Single Machine Scheduling

The performance measures for SPT are
Mean flow time =
50 5 = 10 days Total Flow time Total Job Waiting Time Average tardiness = Total tardy time = 8 5 = 1.6 50 20

Average no of jobs in the system =

= 2.5

No of jobs
Number tardy = 2 Utilization = 20 50 = 40 %

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Single Machine Scheduling

SOLUTION a. Using the FCFS rule, we obtain the following schedule:

Engine

Processing Time, Including Setup (days)

Promise Date (days from now) 18 6 9 11 8

Flow Time

Lateness

Tardiness

50-hp Evinrude 7-hp Johnson 100-hp Mercury 50-hp Honda 75-hp Nautique Total

6 2 3 4 5

6 8 11 15 20 60

-12 2 2 4 12

0 2 2 4 12 20

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Single Machine Scheduling

The performance measures for FCFS are
Mean flow time =
50 5 = 10 days Total Flow time Total Job Waiting Time Average tardiness = Total tardy time = 20 5 =4 50 20

Average no of jobs in the system =

= 2.5

No of jobs
Number tardy = 4 Utilization = 20 50 = 40 %

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Single Machine Scheduling

Using the EDD rule we obtain this schedule:
Processing Time, Including Setup (days) 2 5 3 4 6

Engine 7-hp Johnson 75-hp Nautique 100-hp Mercury 50-hp Honda 50-hp Evinrude Total

Promise Date (days from now) 6 8 9 11 18

Flow Time 2 7 10 14 20 53

Lateness -4 -1 1 3 2

Tardiness 0 0 1 3 2 6

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Single Machine Scheduling

The performance measures for EDD are
Mean flow time =
53 5 = 10.6 days Total Flow time Total Job Waiting Time Average tardiness = Total tardy time = 6 5 = 1.2 53 20

Average no of jobs in the system =

= 2.65

No of jobs
Number tardy = 3 Utilization = 20 53 = 37.73 %

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Critical Ratio
Critical ratio: looks at time remaining between current time and due date considers processing time as a percentage of remaining time CR = 1.0 means just enough time CR > 1 .0 more than enough time CR < 1.0 not enough time

T=0
Processing Time, Engine Including Setup (days) 50-hp Evinrude 6 7-hp Johnson 2 100-hp Mercury 3 50-hp Honda 4 75-hp Nautique 5 Promise Date (days Critical Ratio from now) 18 6 9 11 8 3 3 3 2.75 V.Abilasha 1.6

75-hp Nautique is done first

Now T = 5

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Engine
50-hp Evinrude 7-hp Johnson 100-hp Mercury 50-hp Honda

Processing Time, Promise Date Critical Ratio Including Setup (days) (days from now) 6 2 3 4 13 1 4 6 2.17 0.50 1.33 1.50

7-hp Johnson is done next Now T = 5+2= 7

Engine 50-hp Evinrude 100-hp Mercury 50-hp Honda

Processing Time, Promise Date (days Critical Ratio Including Setup (days) from now) 6 3 4 11 2 4 1.83 0.67 1.00

100-hp Mercury is done next

Now T = 7+3= 10

Engine

Processing Time, Promise Date (days Critical Ratio Including Setup (days) from now)

50-hp Honda is done next Now T = 10+4= 14

50-hp Evinrude 50-hp Honda

6 4

8 1

1.33 0.25

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Single Machine Scheduling

Using the Critical Ratio we obtain this schedule:
Processing Time, Including Setup (days)

Engine 75-hp Nautique 7-hp Johnson 100-hp Mercury 50-hp Honda 50-hp Evinrude Total

Promise Date (days from now) 8 6 9 11 18

Flow Time 5 7 10 14 20 56

Lateness -3 1 1 3 2

Tardiness 0 1 1 3 2 7

5 2 3 4 6

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Single Machine Scheduling

The performance measures for CR are
Mean flow time =
56 5 = 11.2days Total Flow time Total Job Waiting Time Average tardiness = Total tardy time = 7 5 = 1.4 56 20

Average no of jobs in the system =

= 2.8

No of jobs
Number tardy = 4 Utilization = 20 56 = 35.71 %

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Single Machine Scheduling

b. Performance measures are as follows:

Performance Measures Average Flow Time Average no of jobs in the system

SPT 10 2.5

FCFS 10 2.5

EDD 10.6 2.65

CR 11.2 2.8

Average tardiness Utilization (%)

1.6 40

4 40

1.2 37.73

1.4 35.71

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Parallel Machine Scheduling

Q. The following ten jobs have just arrived at an idle drill process and
must be scheduled in three parallel machines.
Job # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Job Name AA BB CC DD EE FF GG HH II JJ Pr. Time 5 6 3 8 7 2 3 5 4 2
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Management goals are: 1. Considering the jobs are non premptable, Minimize F, the overall flow time in the shop. Minimize M, the maximum time in the shop.

Heuristic Algorithm
Given Order Job # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Pr. Time 5 6 3 8 7 2 3 5 4 2

For minimizing F

For minimizing M

SPT Order Job # 6 10 3 7 9 1 8 2 5 4 Pr. Time 2 2 3 3 4 5 5 6 7 8

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LPT Order Job # 4 5 2 1 8 9 3 7 6 10 Pr. Time 8 7 6 5 5 4 3 3 2 2

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Heuristic Algorithm- Minimize Mean Flow Time

M1 FF GG HH DD

M2

JJ

II

BB

M3

CC

AA

EE

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

Makespan, M= 18 Mean Flow Time = 8.1

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Heuristic Algorithm- Minimize Makespan

M1 DD [CELLREF] [CELLREF]

M2

EE

[CELLREF]

[CELLREF]

[CELLREF]

M3

[CELLREF]

[CELLREF]

[CELLREF]

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

Makespan, M= 16 Mean Flow Time = 11.5

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Flow Shop Model- Johnsons Algorithm

Q. The Rocky Mountain Arsenal, formerly a chemical warfare manufacturing site, is said to be one of
the most polluted locations in the United States. Cleanup of chemical waste storage basins will involve two operations. Operation 1: Drain and dredge basin. Operation 2: Incinerate materials. Management estimates that each operation will require the following amounts of time (in days):
Storage Basin A Dredge 3 B 4 C 3 D 6 E 1 F 3 G 2 H 1 I 8 J 4

Incinerate

Managements objective is to minimize the makespan of the cleanup operations. All storage basins are available for processing right now. First, find a schedule that minimizes the makespan. Then calculate the average flow time of a storage basin through the two operations. What is the total elapsed time for cleaning all 10 basins? Display the schedule in a Gantt machine chart.
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Johnsons Algorithm - Solution

Stage 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. min(tik) 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 i min(tik) E H A D G C I F E E E E E E E E H H H H H H H G G G G F Partial Sequence I I C C C D D D D D A A A A A A

9.
10.

4
4

B
J

E
E

H
H

G
G

F
F

B
B

I
I

C
C

D
D

A
A

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Johnsons Algorithm
Several optimal solutions are available to this problem because of the ties at the start of the scheduling procedure. However, all have the same makespan. The schedule would be as follows:
Operation 1 Basin E H G F B J I C D A Start 0 1 2 4 7 11 15 23 26 32 Finish 1 2 4 7 11 15 23 26 32 35 1 3 4 8 14 18 26 28 32 35 Total
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Operation 2 Start Finish 3 4 8 14 18 26 28 32 35 36 200

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Johnsons Algorithm
The makespan is 36 days. The average flow time is the sum of incineration finish times divided by 10, or 200/10 = 20 days.

The Gantt machine chart for this schedule is given below.

Storage Basin

Dredge Incinerate

E H E 0 2

G H 4

F G 6 8

B F 10

J B 12 14 16

I J 18 20 22

C I 24 26

D C 28 30 D 32

A A 34 36

Time
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