Lecture 1 The Scientific Method of Research

Research

Research Project Research Proposal Research Implementation Research Reports Research Presentation

Research
1. Scholarly or scientific investigation or inquiry. Synonym of inquiry. 2. Close, careful study. The Advanced Learners Dictionary: meaning of research as: a careful investigation or inquiry specially through search for new facts in any branch of knowledge. (Oxford Dictionary, 1952) Some people consider research as a movement, a movement from the known to the unknown.

10.11.2013

Afsaneh Farhadian

Research
Systematic process of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data in order to increase our understanding of a phenomenon about which we are interested or concerned. Research Approaches: quantitative approach: the generation of data in quantitative form or Quantitative research is Explaining phenomena by collecting numerical data that are analyzed using mathematically based methods (in particular statistics). qualitative approach: Qualitative approach to research is concerned with subjective assessment of attitudes, opinions and behavior.

Research
Quantitative research methods were originally developed in the natural sciences to study natural phenomena. However examples of quantitative methods now well accepted in the social sciences and education include: Surveys; laboratory experiments; numerical methods such as mathematical modeling. Qualitative research methods were developed in the social sciences to enable researchers to study social and cultural phenomenon.

11.11.2013

Afsaneh Farhadian

Research
Research methods Research methods or techniques refer to the methods the researcher use in performing research operations. Researchers need to know how to develop certain indices or tests, how to calculate the mean, the mode, the median or the standard deviation or chi-square, how to apply particular research techniques.

11.11.2013

Afsaneh Farhadian

Research
Research methodology is a way to systematically solve the research problem. It may be understood as a science of studying how research is done scientifically. Researchers not only need to know how to develop certain indices or tests, how to calculate the mean, the mode, the median or the standard deviation or chi-square, how to apply particular research techniques, but they also need to know which of these methods or techniques, are relevant and which are not, and what would they mean and indicate and why.
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Research
Research methodology: has many dimensions and research methods do constitute a part of the research methodology. The scope of research methodology is wider than that of research methods. Thus, when we talk of research methodology we not only talk of the research methods but also consider the logic behind the methods we use in the context of our research study and explain why we are using a particular method or technique and why we are not using others so that research results are capable of being evaluated either by the researcher himself or by others.
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Research
Research Types: Library research: Analysis historical records, Analysis documents Field research: Observation, Case study and life history, interview and questioner Laboratory research

11.11.2013

Afsaneh Farhadian

Project
A plan or proposal; a scheme. 2. An undertaking requiring concerted effort. A project in business and science is a collaborative enterprise, frequently involving research or design, that is carefully planned to achieve a particular aim. At school, educational institute and university, a project is a research assignment given to a student which generally requires a larger amount of effort and more independent work than is involved in a normal essay assignment.

10.11.2013

Afsaneh Farhadian

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Research Proposal
A research proposal is a document written by a researcher that provides a detailed description of the proposed program. It is like an outline of the entire research process that gives a reader a summary of the information discussed in a project.

10.11.2013

Afsaneh Farhadian

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Research project process

2. Research Proposal
3. Data Collection: Field a. Laboratory b. population

4. Data 5. Interpretation of Analyzed Data

6. Data Statistic Analysis 7. Scientific Reports: a. Reports b. Article or Papers c. Thesis (final year project) 8. Presentation:

a. Poster

b. Oral

9. PowerPoint Presentation
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