Food resources

Food is essential requirement for survival Human beings get their food from plants and animals Biologists estimate 270000 species of plants are in world Out of which only hundred makes 90% of food for humans Animals provide food that are particularly rich in proteins

 These foods include cows, goats, fishes, eggs, milk, cheese, etc. Cows, sheep's, pigs, chickens, goats, turkeys, geese and ducks form 80% of animals consumed The energy that is transferred from plants to animals will be higher when compared to animals to humans. This is due to energy flow in the system Meat consumption is high in certain developed countries and hence crops are used for livestock growth

World food problems

UN food and agricultural association(FAO) estimated that 828 million people lack access to good food In world 86 countries are referred to low income and food deficient countries In this South Asia consist of 270 million people and Africa consists of 175 million The major effect of food is malnutrition

 An average man requires 2600 kcal per day and an average women requires 3000 kcal per day If a person consumes less malnutrition comes into act and it decreases the stamina and makes up to death Worldwide 182 million children of less than 5 years suffer from under nutrition The two most common diseases of malnutrition are marasmus and kwashiorkor

 Marasmus is a form of severe malnutrition characterized by energy deficiency. A child with marasmus looks emaciated. Body weight is reduced to less than 60% of the normal (expected) body weight for the age. Marasmus occurrence increases prior to age 1

 Kwashiorkor is an acute form of childhood protein-energy malnutrition characterized by edema, irritability, anorexia, ulcerating dermatoses, and an enlarged liver with fatty infiltrates. Sufficient calorie intake, but with insufficient protein consumption, distinguishes it from marasmus. Kwashiorkor cases occur in areas of famine or poor food supply. Cases in the developed world are rare

Agriculture
The practice through which specific plant species are cared and managed so as to obtain maximum yielding consumable parts of the plants. The demand for food production increases with increase in population Modern agricultural techniques has been used to improve food production.

Environmental impacts of modern agriculture

Agricultural use of fossil fuel made air pollution Untreated animal waste ,fertilizers and pesticides produces water pollution Nitrates from animal waste contaminates agricultural areas Livestock's and animals are grown in factories and in confined areas Waste disposal is the biggest problem

Problems with pesticide use

Evolution of genetic resistance Imbalances in ecosystem Creation of new pests Persistence, bioaccumulation, biological magnification Mobility in the environment

Overgrazing
Process of eating away the vegetation along with its roots without giving a chance to regenerate

 Land degradation-leads to organically poor, dry, compacted soil cannot be used for further cultivation Soil erosion-cover of vegetation gets removed from soil Loss of useful species-good quality grasses and herbs with high nutritive value, when grazed lose even the root stocks which carry the reserve food for regeneration get destroyed which gives raise to secondary species like parthenium, Lantane, Xanthium etc To prevent match the forage supplement to the herd's requirement.eg.Switch grass

Growing energy needs

Population explosion, Luxurious life, Industries, Agriculture, mining, transportation, lighting, cooling, heating, building all need energy. Fossil fuels like coal, oil, natural gas produce 95% of energy

Sources of energy
Renewable energy
Resources which can be generated continuously in nature and are in exhaustible and can be used again endlessly. wood, Tidal, Solar, wind, hydropower, biomass, biofuel, geothermal, hydrogen

ADVANTAGES
1. Wide availability 2. Low cost 3. Decentralized power production 4. Low pollution 5. Available for the future

DISADVANTAGES
1. Unreliable supply 2. Produced in small quantity 3. Difficult to store 4. Cost more

 Non renewable energy Resources which have accumulated in nature over a long span of time and cannot be quickly replenished when exhausted. coal, petroleum, natural gas

ADVANTAGES
1. Available in high concentrated form 2. Easy to store 3. Reliable supply 4. Lower cost

DISADVANTAGES
Highly pollution Available only in few places High running cost Limited supply and will one day get exhausted

ROLE OF INDIVIDUAL IN CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES

Don't keep water taps running Install water saving toilets Check for water leaks Reuse soapy water Use drip and sprinkling irrigation Conserve energy Turn off lights, fan when not in use Use solar cooker for

 Don't uproot plants Grow grass which binds soil and prevent erosion Make compost Use green manure Don't over irrigate Use mixed cropping

EQUITABLE USEOF RESOURCES FOR SUSTAINABLE LIFE STYLE

Most developed countries like USA, Canada, Japan, Australia have 22% of natural resources, use 88%.73%of its energy and command 85%of its income Less developed countries has 78% of population, 12% Usage of natural resources, 27% of energy, 15% of income Gap arises due to increase in population distribution of resources and wealth Problem solved by equitable distribution of resources and wealth Global consensus has to be reached for more balanced distribution of basic resources like safe drinking water, food, fuel etc. So poor low developed countries able to sustain their life

LAND RESOURCE
Land constitutes an important entity as a resource of all materials essential to man as well as animals and plants Land is critically important national resource which supports all living organisms including plants and animals. The soil profile of land determines its ability to serve socio-economic needs. The area of entire land mass is 148.9 million km2

 During the last 100 years manipulation of land has been done in a maximum rate It is due to living, mining, ploughs, waste throwing, building structures Land is not only used by man but also animals Topographical area of India is almost 328 million hectares It is about 2.3% of land area of the world Due to wrong land use pattern several adverse effects are inflicted on environment