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By Helen Tamanong
Definition
Prepositions express relationships of nouns or pronouns (its object) with other words in a sentence. It conveys meaning of position, direction , time , or other abstraction. Prepositions are always followed by its object, whether a noun or pronoun.
Classifications
Prepositions are classified into five groups.
1. Location
Prepositions above across amid into through Usage higher than or on top of from one side to other surrounded by motion of getting inside by way or by means of Examples above the AS building across the Gorordo Ave. amid global crises into the water through the door
underneath
upon
Classifications
Prepositions are classified into five groups.
2. Time
Prepositions during for since till, until Usage tells when an action is happening tells the duration of an action tells the start of an action done up to the present reaching to a certain point of time Examples during the Orgs Fair for eight years now since that day I met you until SR Baez is confirmed
Classifications
Prepositions are classified into five groups.
3. Association
Prepositions about besides but despite throughout Usage concerning in addition to except regardless of all the way through Examples about Con-Ass writing besides reading everybody but them despite the war throughout the semester
toward/towards
with
in direction to
including
Classifications
Prepositions are classified into five groups.
at
in
on
past
past 10 pm
Classifications
Prepositions are classified into five groups.
5. Compound Prepositions
Prepositions according to for the sake of in front of in spite of on account of prior to with respect to said by considering or for the benefit of before something or someone even in the existence of something; regardless of because of before considering Usage Examples according to Sartre for the sake of formality in front of the multitude in spite of poverty on account of the law prior to the wedding with respect to the employee
Objects of a Preposition
These are nouns or pronouns that comes after a preposition and these are what a preposition is referring to; thus, objects of preposition answer the question What? or Whom? Objects of preposition, if pronoun, are always in objective case.
Examples: across the street beyond the universe concerning the book despite the dilemma except him (not Except he) for a millennium
PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES is a phrase that consists of a preposition, the object of the preposition, and or modifiers of the object. Object of preposition may be noun (including gerund), pronoun, or noun clause.
MODIFIERS: Adjective
As an adjective, the prepositional phrase will answer the question Which one?.
Examples: 1. The book on the bathroom floor is swollen from shower steam.
2. The note from Beverly confessed that she had eaten the leftover pizza.
Which note? The one from Beverly!
MODIFIERS: Adverb As an adverb the prepositional phrase will answer the questions How?, When?, or Where?.
Examples: 1. Freddy is stiff from yesterday's long football practice. How did Freddy get stiff? From yesterday's long football practice!
2. Before class, Josh begged his friends for a pencil. When did Josh do his begging? Before class! 3. Feeling brave, we tried the Dragon Breath Burritos at Tito's Taco Palace. Where did we eat the spicy food? At Tito's Taco Palace!
However,
like adverbs, prepositional phrases that modify verbs can also be found at the very beginning or very end of a sentence.
Not
all phrases are this flexible, and so we need to be careful not to confuse our readers by misplacing a prepositional phrase.
The
Although several prepositional phrases may appear in the same sentence, avoid packing in so many phrases that you confuse the reader. The sentence below, for example, is cluttered and awkward:
On a rickety stool in one corner of the crowded honky tonk, the folk singer sits playing lonesome songs on his battered old guitar about warm beer, cold women, and long nights on the road.
In this case, the best way to break up the string of phrases is to make two sentences:
On a rickety stool in one corner of the
crowded honky tonk, the folk singer sits hunched over his battered old guitar. He plays lonesome songs about warm beer, cold women, and long nights on the road.
A long sentence is not necessarily an effective sentence.
It was a rainy morning, dull, wet, and gray, in the early part of the month of December. It was a rainy morning in the early part of December.
Remember that a prepositional phrase will never contain the subject of a sentence.
Sometimes a noun within the prepositional phrase seems the logical subject of a verb. Don't fall for that trick! You will never find a subject in a prepositional phrase.
CONJUCTIONS
Lexxa Jane Moilijon
DEFINITION
A conjunction is a joiner, a word that connects (conjoins) parts of a sentence
Coordinating Conjunctions
Coordinating Conjunctions
and but or yet for nor so
COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
When a coordinating conjunction connects two independent clauses, it is often (but not always) accompanied by a comma: Ulysses wants to play for UConn, but he has had trouble meeting the academic requirements.
COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
When the two independent clauses connected by a coordinating conjunction are nicely balanced or brief, many writers will omit the comma: Ulysses has a great jump shot but he isn't quick on his feet.
Subordinating Conjunctions
Subordinating Conjunction (sometimes called a dependent word or subordinator) comes at the beginning of a Subordinate (or Dependent) Clause and establishes the relationship between the dependent clause and the rest of the sentence. It also turns the clause into something that depends on the rest of the sentence for its meaning.
Subordinating Conjunctions
Common Subordinating Conjunctions
after although as as if as long as as though because before even if even though if if only in order that now that once rather than since so that than that though till unless until when whenever where whereas wherever while
Correlative Conjunctions
Some conjunctions combine with other words to form what are called correlative conjunctions. They always travel in pairs, joining various sentence elements that should be treated as grammatically equal.