PLATYHELMINTHE

S
(Flatworms)
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
 Morphology
– Flattened dorso-ventral
– No segmentation, bilaterlly symetrical
– Incomplete GIT( no anus)
– Lack body cavity
– Hermaphrodite or monoecious
 EXCEPT for Schistosoma (dioecious)
 Classification
Class trematoda (Flukes) Class Cestoda
– Liver flukes – Order Pseudophyllidea
 Fasciola hepatica  Diphylliobotrium
 Chlonorchis sinensis latum
– Intestinal flukes
 Fascilopsis buski – Order Cyclophyllidea
– Lung flukes  Dipyliidium caninum
 Paragonimous  Hymenolepsis nana
westermani  Taenia saginata
– Blood flukes  Taenia solium
 Schistosoma sp.
Class Cestoda ( Tapeworms)
Morphology
 Head or scolex

- For attachment to mucosa

 Neck
- Region of growth
 Proglottids (segments)
- no GIT and vascular sys.
- have nervous system
- gravid segments
(hermaphroditic)
- strobila: series of
segments
- eggs are operculated
EXCEPT Diphyllobothrium
Life cycle
 Requires 1 intermediate host EXCEPT for:
– Diphyllobothrium
- 2 intermediate hosts
– Hymenolepsis
- no intermediate host

 Transmission
- Oral route
- 1 worm: 1 person
 Diphyllobothrium latum
 Broad or fish tapeworm
 Disease: fish tapeworm infection
 Habitat: ileum

 Largest intestinal tapeworm in man

 Morphology
– Bothria or sucking grooves
– Spatulate scolex
 Manifestation
– Epigastric pain, abdominal cramps, vomiting,
weight loss, anemia

 Diagnosis
– Fecalysis -> recovery of proglottid or eggs

 Treatment: Niclosamide

 Prevention:
throrough cooking of freshwater fish
 Dipylidium caninum
 Dog tapeworm

 Disease: dipylidiasis, dog tapeworm infection

 Manifestations:
– Indigestion, loss of appetite
– Passage of proglottids in feces
(mistaken for maggots)
 Diagnosis: fecalysis

 Treatment: Niclosamide, quinacrine

 Prevention: insecticide for dogs

 Hymenolepsis nana

 Dwarf tapeworm
 Smallest tapeworm
 No intermediate host

 Transmission:
– Ingestion
– Internal autoinfection
 Manifestation
– Periodic diarrhea, abdominal pain, anorexia

 Diagnosis: fecalysis

 Treatment: Niclosamide, Praziquantel

 Prevention: personal hygiene

 Taenia saginata
 Beef tapeworm

 Scolex have 4 suckers

 Man is the only DEFINITIVE HOST

 Habitat: duodeno-jejunal area

 Manifestation:
– Epigastric pain, diarrhea, nausea, irritability,
weight loss
 Diagnosis: fecalysis

 Treatment: niclosamide, paromomycin

 Prevention:
– Thorough cooking of beef
– Cattle no allowed to graze in sewage
infected areas
 Taenia solium
 Pork tapeworm

 Smaller than beef tapeworm

 Has rostellum (circular row of hooks)

 Man is the only DEFINITIVE HOST

 Habitat: jejunum
 Manifestation:
– Cysticercosis
 Larval migration to organs
 Brain: epilepsy, disordered behavior
 Eyes: blindness

– Upon death of parasite: fever, myalgia,

eosinophilia

– Intestines: intestinal obstruction

 Diagnosis: fecalysis, biopsy

 Treatment:
– niclosamide, praziquantel, mebendazole

 Prevention:
– thorough cooking of pork
– Hygiene
– sanitation
Quiz time
Get 1/8 paper
please
 1. _L__W_R_S
 Clue: platyhelminthes

 2. T__E_O_M_
 Clue : cestodes

 3. S_O_E_
 Clue: head of cestodes
 4. _EC_L__IS
 Clue: laboratory examination

 5. P_O_L_T_ID
 Clue: segments
Exchange
papers
 Answers
1. Flatworms
2. Tapeworms
3. Scolex
4. Fecalysis
5. Proglottids