Naming Compounds and Writing Formulas

Key

Question: Why Do Atoms Combine In Certain Ratios?

Review of Oxidation Numbers

Chemical Compound Quiz Sodium chloride is a flavorful addition to many foods. What is the common name?

Salt

Review of Oxidation Numbers

All

compounds have an electrical charge of zero (they are neutral). An oxidation number indicates the charge on the atom (or ion) when electrons are lost, gained, or shared in chemical bonds.

Oxidation Numbers
A

sodium atom always ionizes to become Na+ (a charge of +1) when it combines with other atoms to make a compound. Therefore, we say that sodium has an oxidation number of 1+.

What is chlorines oxidation number?

H He Li Be B C N O F Ne The Number Of Electrons In The Na Mg Al Si P Outside Energy Level.

You Might Be a Redneck if

You take your dog for a walk and both use the same tree. You burn your yard rather than mow it.

Ionic Bonds
On

the periodic table, strong electron donors are on the left side (alkali metals). Strong electron acceptors are on the right side (halogens). The further apart two elements are on the periodic table, the more likely they are to form an ionic compound.

Covalent Bonds
Covalent

compounds form when elements have roughly equal tendencies to accept electrons. Elements that are both nonmetals and therefore close together on the periodic table tend to form covalent compounds.

Oxidation Numbers, Lewis Structures And Chemical Formulas

Remember,

the oxidation numbers for all the atoms in a compound must add up to zero.

Multiple Oxidation Numbers

Some

periodic tables list multiple oxidation numbers for most elements. This is because more complex bonding is possible.

Naming Compounds and Writing Formulas

Naming Binary Ionic Compounds:

At the conclusion of our time together, you should be able to: 1. Name a binary ionic compound with a metal that has one oxidation number using standard naming procedures 2. Name a binary ionic compound with a metal that has multiple oxidation numbers using the Roman system 3. Write the formula of a binary ionic compound if given the name

6 Types Of Chemical Compounds

Binary ionic Ternary ionic Binary acid Ternary acid - metal ion nonmetal ion - at least one ion is a polyatomic ion - H nonmetal - H Polyatomic ion

Binary molecular - two nonmetals

Base

- metal ion OH

Naming Compounds with Ionic Bonds

Tips To Keep In Mind When Naming And Writing Formulas:

Always keep your Periodic Table handy You should have it in front of you ALWAYS when you are naming and writing formulas. Remember that metals (except Hydrogen) are found to the left of the stairstep on the Periodic Table. Nonmetals are found on the right side of the stairstep of the Periodic Table.

Metalloids are the 6 elements on or below the stairstep except Al, Po and At. For naming purposes they will tend to behave like nonmetals.

Naming Binary Compounds

binary ionic compound is held together by ionic bonds. Binary molecular compounds consist of covalently bonded atoms. Each type of compound has its own naming rules.

How Do You Name Binary Ionic Compounds? (Composed Of Two Elements A Metal And A Nonmetal)
Name the first ion From groups 1, 2, 3, 13, zinc, cadmium, or silver. (You must use a Roman Numeral with the name for the other metals well discuss this later.) Name the second ion changing the suffix to ide.

Naming Binary Ionic Compounds

MgBr2 is

magnesium (name of first element) + brom (root name of second element) + ide suffix = magnesium bromide

Examples
NaCl Sodium Chloride CaO Calcium Oxide Al2S3 Aluminum Sulfide MgI2

Name the metal ion Name the nonmetal ion, changing the suffix to ide.

Magnesium Iodide

Redneck Hotel!

Examples
This is two metals not a binary ionic BaNa2 You Theshould name recognize of this is Banana a problem (haha!!) with this compound one
What is the name of this compound: HIJKLMNO? WATER H to O You have to admit that was funny!

Exit Quiz
LiCl

Lithium Chloride
CaSe

Name the metal ion Name the nonmetal ion, changing the suffix to ide.

Calcium Selenide
Ga2S3

Gallium Sulfide
MgF2 Magnesium Fluoride

What About The Transition Metals And Using Roman Numerals? How Does That Work?
Lets See.

FeO
Iron (II)

Notice metal and nonmetal. Name the first ion. Since the first ion is a transition element, you must use a Roman Numeral to represent the charge. How do you know the charge? Deductive reasoning.
All compounds are neutral. Oxygen has a -2 charge (group 16) Therefore, iron must have a +2 charge since there is one iron and one oxygen. Iron gets a Roman Numeral (II).

Oxide

Isnt this easy and FUN!!!

Cu2S

Name the first ion. Since it is a transition metal, you must use a Roman Numeral. Which Roman Numeral? The Roman Numeral is the same as the charge of the ion. How do you find the charge? Deductive reasoning! All compounds are neutral Sulfur has a -2 charge (group 16) There are two coppers

Copper (I) Therefore each copper must have a +1 charge for the Sulfide compound to be neutral

MnO2

Name the first ion. Since it is a transition metal, you must use a Roman Numeral. How do you determine the Roman Numeral? It is the same as the charge. What is the charge of Mn? Oxygen (group 16) has a -2 charge and a total of -4 charge. There are two oxygens with one manganese. Therefore Mn must have a +4 charge for this compound to be neutral.

Manganese (IV) oxide

Things You Can Learn From Your Dog!!

When it is hot outside, drink lots of water. Take naps.

So Why Must We Use Roman Numerals With Transition Elements?

The metals in groups 1, 2, 3, and 13 have single, definite charges.
Group 1 metals have a +1 charge. Group 2 metals have a +2 charge. Groups 3 and 13 metals have a +3 charge. Transition metals may have multiple charges usually two different positive charges. For example, there are two copper oxide compounds: _____ ____ Cu2O and CuO Copper (I (II) ) oxide Copper is +1 +2 We cant just say Copper oxide. Which one of these is Copper oxide? We must distinguish these by using a Roman Numeral

And Remember, There Are Three Transition Elements Which Do Not Require A Roman Numeral Because They Have Single Definite Charges. These Are:
Zinc Zn2+ Cadmium Cd2+ Silver Ag+ You need to remember the charges for these.

Ag2O
Silver oxide ZnCl2 Zinc chloride

Name the first ion.

Name the second ion changing the suffix to ide. No Roman Numerals needed Name the first ion. for these. Name the second ion changing the suffix to ide.

How Do You Write Formulas For Binary Ionic Compounds Given The Name? Two Simple Steps: 1. Write the symbol and charge of each ion 2. Balance the charges by providing subscripts

Magnesium chloride
Mg2+ MgCl2 ClCl-

Write the symbol and charge of each ion Balance the charges by supplying subscripts. Subscripts tell how many of each atom is present. You need a second Cl-1 to balance the charges

Iron (III) bromide

Fe3+ Br Br Br FeBr3
Write the symbol and charge of each ion. The charge of the iron is provided by the Roman Numeral.
Balance the charges by supplying subscripts. The subscripts tell how many of each ion is needed to balance the compound.

Youll need three bromine ions to balance the one iron.

Aluminum Sulfide
Al3+ Al3+ S2S2S2-

Write the symbol and charge of each ion.

Balance the charges by supplying subscripts.

In this case the charges do not evenly divide into each other. You must find the least common multiple. SIX How many aluminums are needed to arrive at a +6 charge? 2 How many sulfurs are needed to arrive at a -6 charge? 3

Al2S3

Jobs you get with a Chemistry Major

Writing Formulas a Little Quicker

Iron and oxygen combine to form a compound. Iron (Fe) has an oxidation number of 3+. Oxygen (O) has an oxidation number of 2. Predict the chemical formula of this compound.

Writing Formulas a Little Quicker

Fe2 O 3
Simply cross the oxidation numbers and make them positive

3+

2-

Lets Try Another One:

Manganese (IV) phosphide

Mn 3 P 4

4+

3-

Lets Try One More:

Manganese (IV) oxide

Mn 2 O 4
MnO2

4+

2-

Cross but in this case they must be dropped!

Naming Binary Ionic Compounds:

Lets see if you can:

1. Name a binary ionic compound with a metal that has one oxidation number using standard naming procedures 2. Name a binary ionic compound with a metal that has multiple oxidation numbers using the Roman system 3. Write the formula of a binary ionic compound if given the name

Exit Quiz Formula for magnesium chloride?

2+ 1-

MgCl2

Exit Quiz Formula for sodium oxide?

1+ 2-

Na2O

Exit Quiz Name for:

6+ 63+ 2-

Fe2O3

Iron (III) oxide

Exit Quiz: Formula for Chromium (IV) oxide

4+ 2-

Cr O
2 4

CrO2

Murphy's Laws of Science and Technology

Logic is a systematic method of coming to the wrong conclusion with confidence.

Naming Compounds and Writing Formulas II

6 Types Of Chemical Compounds

Binary ionic Ternary ionic Binary acid Ternary acid - metal ion nonmetal ion - at least one ion is a polyatomic ion - H nonmetal - H Polyatomic ion

Binary molecular - two nonmetals

Base

- metal ion OH

Naming Binary Molecular and Ternary Ionic Compounds:

At the conclusion of our time together, you should be able to: 1. Name a binary molecular compound 2. Name a ternary ionic compound with a metal that has one and multiple oxidation numbers using the appropriate system 3. Write the formula of a binary molecular and ternary ionic compound if given the name

The Second Category of Compounds

Binary Molecular
What are Binary Molecular Compounds? These compounds contain two elements (binary). The term molecular indicates that these elements are joined by a covalent bond. They must therefore be nonmetals.

Bottom line 2 elements both nonmetals

To name and write formulas for these, you must know some numerical prefixes.

Naming You Must Use Prefixes.

1 = mono 2 = di 3 = tri 4 = tetra 5 = penta 6 = hexa 7 = hepta 8 = octa 9 = nona 10 = deca

Steps

1. The first nonmetal only gets a numeric prefix when there is more than one. No prefix if there is only one.
2. The second element always gets a numeric prefix and always has a suffix of -ide

Naming Binary Molecular Compounds

As

with binary ionic compounds, the ending of the name of the second element in the compound is modified by adding the suffix ide.

Familiar Saying

Socially orientated individuals tend to congregate in gregariously homogenous groupings. Birds of a feather flock together!!

CO2
Carbon dioxide

Name the first element. Since there is only one, no prefix is needed. The second element always gets a prefix and a suffix of ide.

CO
Carbon monoxide

N2O4
Dinitrogen tetroxide

H2O
Dihydrogen monoxide

Name the first element. Since there are two present, the prefix di is needed. The second element always gets a prefix and a suffix of ide.

CCl4
Carbon tetrachloride

What do you think about this one???

AlCl3 Be careful. This is a metal and nonmetal. Always keep your Periodic Table in front of you for reference. You may have been tempted to say aluminum trichloride. This is INCORRECT! This is a binary IONIC compound. No prefixes are used. Simply name it aluminum chloride.

Given The Names Of Binary Molecular Compounds, How Do You Write The Formulas?
Very easily done!!! The prefixes tell you how to write the formulas. DO NOT CONSIDER CHARGES. NONMETALS ARE ALL NEGATIVE SO TO USE CHARGES DOES NOT WORK!

Silicon dioxide
Silicon and oxygen are both nonmetals.

SiO2

The lack of a prefix on silicon means that there is only ONE silicon. The prefix di in front of oxide means that there are TWO oxygens.

Diphosphorous pentachloride P2Cl5

Phosphorous and chloride are both nonmetals.

The prefix di means that there are TWO phosphorouses (Is that a word?)
The prefix penta before chlorine means that there are five chlorines.

Nitrogen monoxide

NO

Nitrogen and oxygen are both nonmetals.

The lack of a prefix on nitrogen means only ONE nitrogen.

The prefix mono on oxygen indicates ONE oxygen.

Is this not sooooooo easy!??

A Flow Chart For Naming Binary Compounds

Redneck Innovations

Mr. T

My Students

Third Category Of Compounds Ternary Ionic Compounds. These Compounds Contain At Least One Polyatomic Ion.
What is a polyatomic ion?

Lets look at the name to try to understand.

It is an ion that means it has a charge.

It is polyatomic that means it is made of more than one atom.

Lets look at some examples of polyatomic ions.

CO32- carbonate
This ion is composed of one carbon and three oxygens and the entire group has a charge of -2. Polyatomic ion Group of atoms that act as a unit and carry a charge.
You have been given a list of other polyatomic ions

You need to learn these!!!

How Do You Recognize Ternary Ionic Compounds?

Composed of two ions in which at least one is a polyatomic ion. There is only one positive polyatomic ion (NH4+1)

Three possible types of Ternary Ionic Compounds:

Polyatomic Ion Ammonium Metal (positive ion) Ammonium + negative ion (nonmetal) + negative polyatomic ion + negative polyatomic ion

Naming Compounds with Polyatomic Ions as Cations

NH4Cl

is ammonium (the name of the ion from chart) + chlor (root name of the second element) + ide suffix = ammonium chloride.

Naming Compounds with Polyatomic Ions as Anions

1. Name the first ion. 2. Name the second ion. Isnt that simple??!! Examples:

Na2CO3 Sodium carbonate

When you look at this compound you should recognize that this is NOT binary. There are THREE elements present. When you see this, immediately look for a polyatomic ion. Carbonate is present here. Name the first ion. Name the second ion.

Notice that you do NOT change the suffix just name the polyatomic ion

Fe(OH)3
Iron (III)

Name the first ion. Remember that iron requires a Roman Numeral since it is a transition element. What Roman Numeral should be used? The Roman Numeral comes from the charge of the ion. How do you find the charge of the iron? You know two things: All compounds are neutral. You know the charge of OH (-1) Name the polyatomic ion.

hydroxide
Since there are 3 OH groups, each with a -1 charge, the charge of the iron must be +3 for the compound to be neutral

NH4Cl
Ammonium chloride

Name the first ion.

Name the second ion.

Notice that since the second ion is a nonmetal that, like binary ionic compounds, the suffix of the nonmetal changes to ide. Looks like a monster, but its really a pussycat.

Naming Compounds with Polyatomic Ions as Cations and Anions

(NH4)3PO4 Name the first ion. Name the second ion.

Ammonium phosphate

Cu2SO4

Name the first ion. You should realize that you need a Roman Numeral since copper is a transition metal. The Roman Numeral is the same as the charge. What is the charge? The charge of sulfate is -2. Since there are two coppers, the charge of the copper must be +1.

Copper (I) sulfate

Name the second ion.

Euphemisms in Science
We all know that some politicians and government spokesmen use certain euphemistic phrases to give an aura of respectability to descriptions of events or actions which would be offensive when expressed in plain English. The following is a list of Euphemisms in Science and their translations into plain English.

It has long been known...

I haven't bothered to look up any references!

How Do You Write Formulas For Ternary Ionic Compounds?

Very Much Like Writing Formulas For Binary Ionic Compounds. Three Steps:

1. Write the formulas/symbols of each ion.

2. Balance the charges by supplying subscripts. 3. If a subscript is needed for a polyatomic ion, it must be put in parentheses with the subscript on the outside. Lets do some!!

Aluminum nitrate
Al3+ NO3-

Al(NO3)3

First, you can tell from the name that there is a polyatomic ion present (nitrate). All binary ionic compounds have suffixes of ide.

Write the formula/symbol and charge of each ion.

Balance the charges by supplying subscripts.

Since Al is +3 and NO3 is -1, you need a total of 3NO3to balance one Al3+

Since you will need a subscript of 3 for NO3-, you need to put this in parentheses with the 3 outside.

Lead (IV) acetate

Pb4+ C2H3O2-

Write the formula/symbol and charge of each ion.

Balance the charges by supplying subscripts. Since Pb is +4 and C2H3O2 is 1, you will need 4 C2H3O2-1 to balance 1Pb+4

Pb(C2H3O2)4

Calcium phosphate Ca2+ PO43-

Write the formula/symbol and charge of each ion.

Ca3(PO4)2

Balance the charges by supplying subscripts. Since Ca is +2 and PO4 is -3, you will need 3 Ca+2 to balance 2 PO4-3

Strategy For Naming Ternary Ionic Compounds.

What Do You Call A Detective Crossed With A Inner Transition Metal?

Sherlock Holmium

Naming Binary Molecular and Ternary Ionic Compounds:

Lets see if you can: 1. Name a binary molecular compound 2. Name a ternary ionic compound with a metal that has one and multiple oxidation numbers using the appropriate system 3. Write the formula of a binary molecular and ternary ionic compound if given the name

Exit Quiz
CO2
Carbon dioxide

SO3
Sulfur trioxide

SO
Sulfur monoxide

CO
Carbon monoxide

N2O5
Dinitrogen pentoxide

B2O3
Diboron trioxide

CF4
Carbon tetrafluoride

NF5
Nitrogen pentafluoride

Exit Quiz
combines with sulfate (SO4)2 to make aluminum sulfate. Write the chemical formula for aluminum sulfate.
Al3+

Exit Quiz Answer

Al 2 (SO4) 3

3+

2-

Lets Try Another One:

Manganese (IV) phosphate

Mn3 (PO4)

4+

3-

Lets Try One More:

Manganese (IV) carbonate

Mn (CO3)
2

4+

2-

Mn(CO3)2

Familiar Saying

It is fruitless to attempt to indoctrinate a superannuated canine with innovative maneuvers. You cant teach an old dog new tricks!