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BIS (Board of Indian Standards SP 46: 2003) defines dimension as a numerical value expressed in appropriate units of measurement and indicated graphically on technical drawings with lines, symbols and notes. Units of Measurement: The most commonly used unit for length is the millimetre. In civil engineering and architectural drawing, inch or foot is often used as a unit of length. Angles are shown in degrees. Symbols are incorporated to indicate specific geometry wherever necessary. Notes are provided to give specification of a particular feature or to give specific information necessary during the manufacturing of the object.
TITLE BLOCK
Dimensioning
Providing information on a drawing about
Distances (size or functional dimensions) Sizes and positions (location or datum dimensions) of holes, grooves and other features. Manufacturing detail Details Location relating to manufacture etc. Roughness 0.5
1 5 Location 15 30 Size, function al
Hole 15
Outline
Leader line
Hole 15 Note
> 30o
Roughness 0.5
Hole 15 Note
A dimension line is placed at least 6-8 mm away from an outline and from each other An extension line extends ~3mm beyond a dimension line Arrowhead Placed at each end of a dimension line, its pointed end touches an outline, extension line or a 45o centerline. It is also placed at the end of a leader line
Open
Closed
3w
~3m m
50
Arrowhead
~68mm
Systems of Dimensioning
Aligned System In the aligned system, dimensions are aligned with the entity being measured. They are placed perpendicular to the dimension line such that they may be read from the bottom or right-hand side of the drawing sheet. Dimensions are placed at the middle and on top of the dimension lines. Unidirectional System In the unidirectional system, dimensions are placed in such a way that they can be read from the bottom edge of the drawing sheet. Dimensions are inserted by breaking the dimension lines at the middle.
Dimensioning systems
Dimensioning elements
A line on the drawing whose length is to be shown is called an object line. The object line is essentially an outline representing the feature(s) of the object. While showing an angle, the two lines forming the angle will be the object lines. Dimensioning is often done by a set of elements, which includes extension lines, dimension lines, leader lines, arrowheads and dimensions. These are shown in the figure below.
Placing of dimension
With leader
7o
Combined dimensioning
When both the methods, i.e., chain dimensioning and parallel dimensioning are used on the same drawing, the method of dimensioning is called combined dimensioning
15
Circular holes
A hole is usually dimensioned by giving its diameter instead of radius. The dimension indicating a diameter should always be preceded by the symbol They should be dimensioned in the view in which they appear as circles
40
Cylindrical dimensions
Cylindrical features should be dimensioned by giving their diameters. They should be dimensioned inOUTER the views in which IS they appear as CYLINDER DIMENSION rectangles. ALSO CIRCULAR. CAN BE HOLLOW OR SOLID
Dimensioning arcs
An arc is usually dimensioned by giving its radius. The dimension indicating radius should be preceded by symbol R The R can be placed after the dimension also The position of center of arc is denoted by a
19
FV X
40
O
100 10 10 10
10
25
FO R
TV
25 30 R 20
F.V .
PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW FV AND TV OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD AND DIMENSION USING THE UNIDIRECTIONAL METHOD
Spherical features
Spherical features may be dimensioned by giving either the radius or diameter of a sphere. The symbols SR or S must precede the dimension for radius or diameter respectively.
Square features (e.g., a rod of square cross-section) are dimensioned using symbol or SQ as shown in (i) or (ii)
Dimensioning of squares
17
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
FRONT VIEW 40 20
R O F
. V . S
FO R
10
F.V X .
20
50
Y
75 30 60
F.V. PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW FV AND SV OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD AND DIMENSION THE VIEWS USING THE ALIGNED SYSTEM
S.V.
40
Giving 1 diameter, distance between end faces and the taper (slope) using the conical taper symbol
Giving the height of one side, distance between flat ends and taper (slope) using a flat taper symbol
Giving the height of one side, length of taper and slope of the tapered face
Dimensioning of threads
1. External metric threads are dimensioned by giving the threaded length and nominal diameter preceded by symbol M (Fig. a) 2. Internal metric threads are dimensioned by giving the threaded length, depth of drilled hole before threading and nominal diameter preceded by symbol M (Fig. b)
25
Draw 3 orthographic views in 3rd. Angle and dimension them using UNIDIRECTIONAL system
22 TOP VIEW 32 2 4
12, 16 DEEP
38
R22
57
3 8 2 2 2 4 2 2 FRONT VIEW
29
Draw Front and R. S. views in IIIrd. angle with dimensions in ALIGNED system Complete TV and
dimension it for HW
Draw Front and R. S. views in IIIrd. angle with dimensions in ALIGNED system Complete TV and
19 15 Project dimension it for tangent point HW in other view
26
18 35
28
PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW FV AND TV OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD FOR T.V. Dimension using UNIDIRECTIONAL system
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
20
30
FV
RECT. SLOT
50 35
10 10 30 60
FO R
F.V .
TV
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
10
25
15
25 40 10 25
R O F
. V . S
FO R
F.V . O
25 80 25
F.V. PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW FV AND SV OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD