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NEWTON LAW

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Isaac Newton
(1642 1727)
Published Principia 1687 At age 45

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Newtons First law (Law of inertia)

In the absence of a net external force, an object at rest remains at rest, and an object in motion continues in motion with constant velocity (i.e., constant speed and direction).
A body at rest will remain at rest and a body in motion will remain in the same state of motion unless acted upon by an external unbalanced force. That is: force causes acceleration.
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Newtons Second Law Second Law:

Fon object = m aof object

where Fnet is the vector sum of all external

forces on the object considered

m = (inertial) mass

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2nd Law of Motion: Implications

The Newton [N] is the unit of force in SI units. [F] = [m] [ a ] [N] = [kg] [m/s/s]

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Forces
are interactions between two objects (i.e., a push or pull of one object on another) can be broadly categorized as contact or noncontact forces have a direction and a magnitude -- vectors can be used to predict and explain the motion of objects described by Newtons Laws of Motion

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Examples
Pushing table
contact, magnitude, motion

Magnets on document camera

non-contact

Pulling heavy object with two ropes

force is vector

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Types of forces
Contact Forces Action-at-a-Distance Forces

Frictional Force Tension Force Normal Force Air Resistance Force Applied Force Spring Force

Gravitational Force Electrical Force Magnetic Force

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Objek dalam kota adalah objek yang ditindak oleh gaya. Gaya yang bertindak itu pula berasal daripada agent luar daripada kotak itu.
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Oleh kerana gaya bersifat vektor, dua gaya yang bertindak secara simultaneously (F1,F2) setara dengan daya bersih R (dan vice versa)

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Penjabaran komponen-kompenen gaya

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a1 = F/m1

a2 = F/m2

a3 = F/(m1+m2)
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Common forces 1. Weight

Gravitational force (weight)
Universal force of attraction between 2 massive bodies For object near earths surface directed downward with magnitude mg Notation: FG
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Gaya Karena Adanya Gravitasi: Berat

Gaya yang paling umum adl gaya tarikan gravitasi bumi atau dinamakan berat (w). Benda dipercepat ke bumi dengan percepatan 9,81 m/s2. Dari hukum kedua newton merumuskan bahwa Fg = m.a atau w = m.g

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2nd Law of Motion: Implications

When a sheet of paper and a book are dropped at the same time, what will happen?

Will (1) the book accelerate faster that the sheet; (2) vice versa or (3) will they each accelerate at the same rate?
Why do you think so?

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Common forces 2. Normal forces

Two objects A, B touch
exert a force at 90 to surface of contact Notation: nB on A is normal force on A due to B

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Gaya Normal
Tegak lurus bidang kontak.
N W sin N W cos W N=W W

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N = W cos

N
Fy F N = W - Fy Fx

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3. Tension forces
contact force when a string or rope pulls on an object exerted on an object

exerted in direction of string or rope

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4. Friction forces
Kinetic friction appears when object slides across surface points in direction opposite to velocity Static friction keeps an object stuck on surface (prevents motion) points in direction opposite to velocity
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Gaya Gesek
f

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W sin
W cos

Sifat-sifat : Berlawanan dengan arah gerak atau kearah mana benda akan bergerak. Makin kasar makin besar gaya geseknya.

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Gaya Gesek

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Gaya gesek statis : gaya gesek yang bekerja pada dua permukaan benda yang bersinggungan yang masih dalam keadaan diam relatip satu dengan lainnya fs = s N Gaya gesek kinetis : gaya gesek yang bekerja pada dua permukaan benda yang saling bergerak relatip fk = k N
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Kinetic Friction
The kinetic friction force is proportional to the magnitude of the normal force.

where the proportionality constant k is called the coefficient of kinetic friction.

PHY211 Fall 2010 Lecture 6-2
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Static Friction
The box is in static equilibrium, so the static friction must exactly balance the pushing force:

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Newtons 3rd Law

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Action-Reaction Examples, 2
The normal force (table on monitor) is the reaction of the force the monitor exerts on the table
Normal means perpendicular, in this case

The action (Fg, Earth on monitor) force is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the reaction force, the force the monitor exerts on the Earth

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Free Body Diagram

In a free body diagram, you want the forces acting on a particular object The normal force and the force of gravity are the forces that act on the monitor

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GAYA SENTRIPETAL

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Dalam gerak melingkar ada percepatan sentripetal, sehingga berdasarkan hukum Newton II, maka besarnya gaya sentripetal adalah :

v F m r

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GAYA Fiktif

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Jika kita sedang duduk di Kereta Api (KA), kemudian KA bergerak maju maka kita akan merasa ada yang mendorong ke belakang bagian atas badan kita. Gaya demikian ini disebut gaya fiktif.

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QUESTION:

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Newtons Laws of Motion are:

Acceleration (or deceleration) occurs if and only if there is a net external force.

a = F/m [Note this is a vector eqn.] The force exerted by a first object on a second is always equal and opposite the the force exerted by the second on the first. F12 = - F21

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3rd Law in ActionTug of War

#2 #1

?
F21 F12

Its the Law!

F12 = - F21

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Third Law of Motion:

If two objects interact, the force of the 1st on the 2nd is equal and opposite to the force of the 2nd acting on the 1st body.
F12 = - F21

#2

#1

F12

F21

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2nd Law of Motion: Example Broken Atwood Machine

Friction - g (m2 +m1)

F = g (m2 m1) g (m2 +m1), if m2 > m1

a = F/(m2 +m1)
a = g(m2 m1)/(m2 +m1) -g

a
g m1 g m2

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Laws of Motion

1st Law: An acceleration is caused by a net external force.

Draw Free Body diagram! D A v 2

- mg

Physics 1710 Unit 1Review

Laws of Motion in Action:

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Sledding on a Hill
Draw free body diagram
F = mg sin

Ff = N

N = mg cos

mg

F = ma = F Ff = mg sin mg cos

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What will make the biggest difference in winning a

sledding race?

1. The mass of the sledder.

2. The weight of the sled. 3. The friction of the sled skids or runners. 4. The slope of the hill.

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I think that the use of the Response Card system contributes to the quality of my instruction in this course.
1. 2. 3. 4. Strongly agree. Agree. Disagree. Strongly disagree

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Summary:
Newtons Laws of Motion are: (1) Acceleration (or deceleration) occurs if and only if there is a net external force. (2) a = F/m [Note this is a vector eqn.] (3) The force exerted by a first object on a second is always equal and opposite the the force exerted by the second on the first. F12 = - F21

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Summary (contd.) :
Weight is the force of gravity equal to g times the mass of the object. g =9.80 N/kg Ff = N Free body diagrams are sketches of all the forces acting on a body.

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Summary (contd.) :
In a moving or accelerating Frame of Reference v = v vframe of reference a = a aframe of reference

The lCentripetal acceleration is a = - 2 r

or |a| = v 2/ |r|, toward the center.

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Summary (contd.) :
v = vinitial + a

r = rinitial + vintitial t + a t 2 vx 2 = v x,initial 2+ 2 ax x

vy 2 = v y,initial 2+ 2 ay y

Mass density = M/V

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Tugas/Assignment
Hal.116, No.11 Hal.117, No.15 Hal.117, No.25

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