Panitia Fizik Samura . Com.

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ELASTICITY

Elasticity is the ability of object to return to its original shape and size after an applied external force is removed .

HOOKE LAW state that the extension of a spring is directly proportional to the applied force if the elastic limit is not exceeded. Fx

The spring will go back to its original length when the force is removed so long as we don't exceed the elastic limit

Aim: To study the relationship between force and extension of a spring Inference : Extension of a spring depends on the force applied Hypothesis: The bigger the force the bigger extension of a spring. Variables: (a) Manipulated variable: Force / (weight)

(b) Responding variable:

Extension of the spring

(c )Fixed variable : Type of spring Operation definition of variable: Extension of spring : [ length of extended spring] [original length of spring] Apparatus: Metre rule,retort stand ,steel spring, slotted weight and pin.

Procedur: 1. Arrangement the apparatus as shown in the diagram. 2.Mark the initial position of the pin on the metre rule when no weight is attached to the spring. 3. Attach a slotted weight of 40g to the end of the spring and compare the new position of the pin with its initial position. 4. Measure the extension of the spring and record as x.

5. Repeat procedure 3 with slotted weight of 80g,100g,120g and 140 g.

Table of results:

Mass of slotted weight, m/g

Weight of slotted weight, F/N Extension, x/cm

40
0.4

60
0.6

80
0.8

100
1.0

120
1.2

140
1.4

What will happen to the spring if the applied force increase continuously?

The spring will be lengthened until at one stage it loses its elasticity.The spring will be permanently lenghtened even when the force taken out.

Conclusion Extension of spring is directly propotional to the weight of an object attached on it. x F

Precaution: The weight is not too big as to stretch the spring permanently.

k = constant of spring

From the Hooke`s Law:

Fx
F=kx

F =Force of spring , x = extension, k = constant of spring k =F/x Unit : N/m

The spring constant shows the stiffness of the spring. The spring which has a larger value of k , is harder to be extended. Hence, it is said to be more stiff or also known as a stiff spring. The spring which has a small value of k , is easier to be extended. Hence, it is said to be less stiff or also known as a soft spring.

Length of spring The longer the spring, the more elastic will the spring be. Therefore, the stiffness of the spring is decreased.

Diameter of spring wire The greater the diameter of the spring wire, the less elastic will the spring be. Therefore, the stiffness of the spring is increased.

Factors Affecting the Stiffness of a Spring

Diameter of spring coil The larger the diameter of the spring coil, the more elastic will the spring be. Therefore, the stiffness of the spring is decreased

Material of spring Different materials of springs will give a different elasticity. A steel spring is less elasticity than a copper spring. Therefore, the stiffness of the spring is increased.

 Work in progress sabo yeerrr