virus di (Lyssa virus Rabies virus)

Khi nim v bnh: - Bnh di l mt bnh truyn nhim cp tnh chung cho nhiu loi ng vt mu nng v ngi do mt virus hng thn kinh gy ra Virus gy nhng thc lon thn kinh bt ngun t no b v tu sng. ng vt b bnh thng in cung hoc bi lit, s gi v s nc. .

- Bnh c khp ni trn th gii ,ph bin cc nc chu Phi, chu . .Mi nm th gii c khong 55.000 cht v bnh di Trn th gii hin c trn 30 quc gia thanh ton c bnh,nh vo v tr a l c lp hoc chng trnh qun l bnh cht ch nh Anh, Nht, Australia... - Nc ta bnh c t lu,nhng n nay vn cn gy nhiu thit hi cho ngi v gia sc

VI RUS di

Hnh thi, cu trc:

c tnh sinh hc ca virus di

Thuc h Rhabdovirideae Gm 200 loi gy bnh cho ng vt c xng sng v khng xng sng. Loi gy bnh cho ngi v ng vt mu nng c chia lm 2 nhm: Lyssavirus v Vesiculovirus. Lyssavirus gm trn 80 loi khc nhau c 4 serotyp: Serotyp 1: VR di c in, thng thy V c v nh ch, mo, di ht mu. Serotyp 2: Lagosbas, c di n tri cy chu Phi, mo Zimbabwe. Serotyp 3: Mokola c ch Zimbabwe. Serotyp 4: Duvenhage c ngi v di n cn trng chu Phi.

 Thng gp l VR di c in. Virus l ARN mt si, cun theo vng xon, trn c nhng n v cu trc protein bm vo Vius c hnh tr, mt u phng, mt u c dng hnh nn nn trng ging nh hnh vin n. Kch thc 180 X 70 80 nm. Protein ca virus c 5 loi, loi Glycoprotein nm mng ngoi virus c vai tr kch thch c th to khng th trung ho. Virion c v kp bc ngoi p st b mt nucleocapxit

 Virus di gy bnh trong t nhin - virus di ng ph (Street virus), gy bnh cao cho ng vt vi 2 th : di in cung v di bi lit Thi gian nung bnh: Th 17 ngy, ngi 20 - 60 ngy nhng c th l 4 ngy vi nm. Tip i virus di ng ph nhiu i qua th (133 i) ,tnh gy bnh cho th tng nhng c lc virus c c nh Tim virus ny di da cho ngi v ng vt khng gy bnh m gy min dch Ngi ta gi chng virus ny l virus di c nh (Fixed virus),chng ny c dng ch to vcxin.

Hnh thi, cu trc VR di

Hnh thi,cu trc VR di

Th Negri : L mt du hiu bnh l c trng ca bnh di, do Negri pht hin nm1903. Ht nh hnh trn, hnh trng, bu dc, kch thc 0,5 30 mm, nh v trong NSC nron thn kinh, ch yu sng Ammon v t bo tiu no. Bn cht tiu th Negri cha r, c th l tp hp virus hoc l s bin i ca t bo khi nhim virus di. Nhum bng phng php Giemsa, tiu th bt mu ti. Th Negri c tm thy 80% trong cc trng hp di

tiu th negri trong no ch b bnh

 c tnh nui cy: Trn phi g: Dng phi 4 - 7 ngy tui tim vo ti lng hoc phi 13 ngy tui tim vo mng nhung niu Virus nhn ln trong m thn kinh v cc m khc ca phi. Phi chm pht trin nhng khng cht, trong t bo thn kinh c th tm thy tiu th Negri. Trn mi trng t bo: VR di c th nhn ln nhiu h t bo; thn chut nht, thn ln, ch, t bo x phi g, t bo BHK 21 (baby hamster kidney), t bo thng trc Nhng phi qua nhiu ln cy truyn, tc dng gy hu hoi t bo ca virus mi r.

 Sc khng : Mn cm vi sc nng 600C/ 5-10 pht, 700C cht ngay. Nhit lnh virus tn ti kh lu: 00C 1nm, -700C nhiu nm. Nhy cm vi tc nhn ho hc,c bit l cn v cc cht ho tan m. Virus c bo qun tt trong dung dch glyxerin 50%. Virus b bt hot nhanh bi nh sng mt tri v tia t ngoi, tia X

Kh nng gy bnh
Trong t nhin:
Tt c cc loi ng vt mu nng u mc bnh. Cc loi vt nui:ch mo, tru, b, nga ln, lc ; ng vt hoang d: bo, si, mo rng, chut, th. .. u mc. Mt s loi di ht mu, di n qu thng truyn virus. Mn cm nht:ch, ch si, mo. Ch l loi mc bnh nhiu nht.

 Vi ngi :
Ngi b mc bnh ch yu do nhim virus qua vt cn, vt thng . cc nc Chu , 90% mc bnh l do ch, mo cn . cc nc Chu u ngi mc bnh l do ng vt hoang d cn S t ly qua ng h hp do ht phi virus trong khng kh cc hang ng c nhiu di c ng Mt s ngi mc di do ghp phi gic mc ca ngi b nhim virus di

 Virus di xm nhp vo c th qua vt cn,tn ti mt thi gian, tng sinh c Theo dy thn kinh ngoi bin ri n hch tu sng, no b, nhn ln Sau lan to n ton b t bo thn kinh ca c th, ra tuyn nc bt. Virus ph hoi t bo thn kinh lm con vt b kch thch, bin lon tm l, biu hin nhng triu chng lm sng c trng. Thi gian nung bnh rt thay i, ph thuc v tr, nng su ca vt cn,lng virus trong nc bt ngi thi gian nung bnh trung bnh t 20-60 ngy nhng c th ko di t 4 ngy nhiu nm. Cc loi vt nung bnh t 30 trn 90 ngy.

Thi gian nung bnh ng vt

Thi gian (ngy) Loi vt Ch Nga Tru, b Cu Ln < 30 30-60 60-90 > 90

43% 28-80% 29-46% 57% 60-62%

27-40% 23-40% 43-52% 28% 29%

14-21% 9-20% 10-15% 15% 11-13%

3-9% 4-17% 10-15% 15% 11-13%

1. ch: Thng th hin 2 th :in cung v bi lit.

Th in cung: c 3 thi k - Khi pht. - Kch thch. - Bi lit. Th bi lit (di cm ).

2. ngi
Thi k khi pht mt mi, st, nhc u, hi hp, lo lng. Bnh ton pht gp 2 th :

in cung:S gi, s nc khi thy ly nc lp tc ln cn co tht kh qun, c h hp, c th dn ti ngng tim, ngng th. Ng gic b kch thch mnh nn c o gic, hnh ng k qui, cn x r, khc nh, gia cn bnh nhn vn tnh to. Th bi lit :Gp 20% s bnh nhn thng lit, chi, c vng c, li, c h hp gy sc ri cht. T vong 2 4 ngy sau khi ln cn dai

Trong phng th nghim: Dng th, chut bch, chut lang. Dng th: Tim virus vo no th, sau 12 25 ngy th c triu chng: Co gin ng t mt. Ri lon h hp. Lit 4 chn. Vt l, kit sc v cht.

Kh nng gy bnh

Loi di truyn bnh di nam m

Kh nng gy bnh
Hnh nh:

ch b bnh di th in cung
biu hin d tn, cn x bt c vt g

ch b bnh di nc di chy nhiu, mu trng

ch con b bnh di th n
nc di chy nhiu, mu trng, thch tm ch ti nm

ch con b bnh di th n
mt bun ru, mt l nhn x xm

Ngi b di
HA.

 HA.

Chn on bnh di
Chn on virus hc: Cn thit lm mi lm v nguy him cho ngi xt nghim. Khi ch cn vic u tin nht ch li theo di. Nu triu chng ca bnh r khng cn chn on. Chn on ch lm khi nghi ng
Bnh phm: No. M no, p knh vo vng sng Ammon nhum Giemsa tm tiu th Negri (t bo thn kinh mu xanh thm, tiu th Negri mu ). Tim ng vt th nghim:

 Chn on huyt thanh hc: Thng dng phn ng IF (Immuno Fluorecent test) + Chun b: KN nghi: . No, nc bt ca vt nghi bnh. . Dng phin knh trong sch p ln no kh . C nh bng cn tuyt i . KT chun: . Khng th di c ch trn th v nhum mu hunh quang (Izothiocyanat gamaglobulin antirabic) .

+ Tin hnh phn ng: .Nh ln tiu bn 1-2 git KT di nhum mu hunh quang, mt gi . Ra 2 ln bng dung dch m PBS (phosphate Buffered Saline)pH = 7,2-7,4, trng nc ct, lm kh . Xem di knh hin vi hunh quang. Phn ng dng tnh: Vt bi trn tiu bn pht sng mu xanh l cy. KL: con vt b bnh. Phn ng m tnh: Khng c hin tng pht sng.

 Dng khng th n dng xc nh virus di K thut PCR

Chn on bnh di

 Phng bnh : Tiu dit ch b di. Hn ch nui ch, nu nui th khng th rng, mang ch ra ng phi r mm. Tim phng trit cho ch, mo nui bng vacxin. Vacxin ch trn mi trng t bo: Vacxin Defensor , Rabisin. Tim bp: - Liu 1ml/ch, mo trn 3 thng tui, sau 1 nm tim nhc li . - Liu 2ml/ tru, b, cu,1 nm tim nhc li.

Phng v tr bnh di

iu tr bnh di
Vi gia sc : Khi b di khng iu tr phi tiu dit ngay. Vi ngi: Khi b ch di cn phi : X l vt thng: ra vt cn nhiu ln vi x phng c hoc cc cht ty git, ru,cn,xt nc t nht 5 pht vo vt cn St trng vt thng bng cn iode,cn 70. Tim ngay khng huyt thanh di: Khng mun qu 72 h loi ch trn nga tim 40UI/1kgP . Loi ch t ngi tim 20 UI/1kgP . Tim bp quanh vt cn .

-Tim vacxin: + Vacxin fluenzalida : . Ch trn no chut nht . V hot bng Beta propriolacton .Tim di da, 6 mi ,cch 1 ngy tim 1 mi . Ngi ln liu 0,2ml . Tr em liu 0,1ml. + Vacxin Verorab : Ch trn t bo Vero ( t bo thn kh). Tim 5 mi vo cc ngy 0, 3, 7,14, 28.