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Fluvial Processes & Landforms

LN 308 Natural Process: Fa Likitswat Faculty of Architecture and Planning Thammasat University 10 July 2013

Earth as a System : The Hydrologic Cycle Running Water Stream Flow Gradient and Channel Characteristics Discharge Changes from Upstream to Downstream The Work of Running Water Erosion Transportation Deposition Stream Erosion Stream Transportation and Sediment Stream Deposition Streams and Point Bars Fans Fluvial landforms

http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/04/water/water-animation

Maya Lin : Pin River-Hudson (2009)

http://blog.art21.org/2013/05/03/exclusive-maya-lin-reflects-on-new-yorks-ecology-and-the-effects-of-hurricane-

Why the ocean is not full?


Endless water cycle =

The Hydrologic Cycle

The Hydrologic Cycle The continuous interchange of water among the ocean, atmosphere, and continents
The processes involved in the hydrologic cycle include precipitation, evaporation, infiltration, runoff, and transpiration.

The Hydrologic Cycle

Running Water // Landforms


Volume of moving water is the single most important agent sculpturing Earth's land surface

The term fluvial is applied to the processes and landforms associated with the action of running water

Running Water

Drainage Basin Participation Infiltration

Stream Flow
Gradient and Channel Characteristics Discharge

Changes from Upstream to Downstream

Stream Flow The factors that determine a stream's velocity Gradient = slope of the stream channel Shape

Size
Roughness

Discharge

Most often, the gradient and roughness of a stream decrease downstream, while width, depth, discharge, and velocity increase.

Stream Channels Stream channels are two basic types: bedrock channels and alluvial channels. Bedrock channels are most common in headwaters regions where the gradients are steep. Rapids and waterfalls are common features. Two types of alluvial channels are meandering channels and braided channels.

Source: The Federal Interagency Stream Restoration Working Group

The Work of Running Water


Erosion
Transportation Deposition

A river process is something that happens in the river. The main processes in the river are

Erosion - where parts of the river bed and bank get eroded / removed from the landscape

Transportation - where the eroded material is carried from one place to another through the river system
Deposition - where the river load becomes too heavy for the river to carry and is dumped down / deposited.

Stream Erosion

The cycle of Stream Erosion

The cycle of Stream Erosion

The cycle of Stream Erosion

sequence of forms: 1) youth age The

2) maturity

3) old

Stream Transportation and Sediment

Stream Transportation and Sediment

Stream Transportation and Sediment

solution

Stream Deposition
Streams and Point Bars Fans

Stream Deposition Streams deposit sediments when velocity slows and competence is reduced. This results in sorting, the process by which like-sized particles are deposited together. Stream deposits are called alluvium and may occurs as channel deposits calls bars, as floodplain deposits, which include natural levees, and as deltas or alluvial fans at the mouths of streams.

Cross-sectional profiles of riffle and pools within a meandering river. Note the asymmetric profile of pools located in meander bends and symmetrical profiles of riffle sections within straight channel reaches.

What is a meander?

Can you mark on this the fastest flow?

What is a meander

where do you think erosion would take place?

Can you draw a cross section x-y?

What is a meander?

this is what a cross section through a meander looks like

Drainage Patterns The form of a network of streams

http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/703154main_earth_art-ebook.pdf

Why do we need to understand about all of these?

dynamics

management

Geologic time

Discussion
Fluvial Landforms
Water Fall Canyon Pothole

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Fluvial processes

Floodplain
Oxbow lake Alluvial Fan .............

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