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Technical textiles
CONTENTS
Introduction Parts & structure of tyre cord Function of parts Classification of tyres Raw material in tyre cord Properties of raw material Structure of tyre cord fabric Types of tyre cord Tire cord manufacturing Manufacturing process Uses of tyre cord Advantages of tyre cord Comparison with other material New Developments Cost of tyre cord
INTRODUCTION
Tyre is a pressure vessel and cord keeps it dimensionally stable.
Tyres have to carry heavy loads, steel and fabric cords are used in the construction to reinforce rubber compound and provide strength. Tyre yarns of polyester, rayon, nylon, aramid, glass, or steel are twisted to 5 to 12 turns per inch.
Tread it is thick layer (approx. 18-20 mm) of rubber which comes into contact with road. Rib it is designed for noise suppression. Grooves to traction in all weather, directional control, cool running and all rolling resistance. Sips serves as the support for the wheel moving on the road. Shoulder upper portion of the side wall just below the tread edge that affects tyre heat behavior and cornering characteristics. Cap plies main load baring components layers of fabric cord extending from bead to bead to reinforce the tyre and maintain the shape.
Steel belt located below cap plies to increase tensile strength of tyre. steel belt or layer provides well balanced combination of rubber & fabric. Thickness is 0.2 to 0.38 mm. this are the steel cord plated with copper or zinc. Radial plies thin layer of rubber inside the tyre containing compressed air tube. Sidewall portion between tread to bead. it is rubber sheet 1.5 to 3.5 mm thick protecting tube from any kind of mechanical or physical damage and moisture penetration. bead chafer narrow strip of flex material around the outside of the bead that protects tyre against wear & tear and prevent dirt and moisture from getting into the tyre. Bead structure composed of high tensile strength steel wire which holds the tyre assembly onto the rim of the wheel for handling performance.
ARAMIDE
TEXTILE MATERIAL
NYLON 6 & 66
Polyester
PROPERTIES OF NYLON 66
Nylon 66 tends to form strong interchain hydrogen bonds. This results in a stronger & more crystalline polymer that softens or melts at relatively higher temperature. It has a higher tenacity and is less subjected to shrinkage. Better fatigue resistance. Higher resonance frequency. No flat spotting.
The tyre cord fabric is comprised of warp cords oriented in the longitudinal direction and weft yarns oriented in the lateral direction. The warp cords are used in reinforcing pneumatic tires.
MANUFACTURING PROCESS
Steps of manufacturing tyre cord1. Spinning- By melt spinning we get filaments.
2. Twisting Its purpose is to To prevent filament breakage. Improved coherence of yarns. To improve fatigue resistance. To improve weaving workability.
3. Cabling- It is done by ply cable winding machine. Yarn tension of about 0.02 cN/tex is recommended.
4. Weaving- 100 or 1500 cords with 3-1 pick per cm of light Cotton, Rayon, PET yarn threads. A type of fabric is obtained in one direction of warp as far stronger than in the other direction.
5. Dipping- During Tire cord dipping process an Adhesive was applied & the fabric is treated under controlled condition of time. After dipping fabric passes through vacuum suction lines to remove the excess dip before entering a drying oven, where water is removed.
6. Vulcanization- It is a process by which rubber is heated with sulphur to create a network of chemical cross-links
M/C INFORMATION
Tyre Cord fabric manufacturing is carried out on special looms:1. Heavy power looms TT-160 2. Automatic loom AT-175K 3. CTE175-KM
Specifications of loom
Loom width- 190 - 200 cm (approx) Cloth take-up upto 550 mm or on demand with batching up to 1200 mm. Single warp beam up to 280 cm Weft insertion rate up to 550 MPM
Tyre comparision
Aircraft vs. passenger tyre applications: Passenger tyre: all-season tyre, which is built to endure long-term wear while providing adequate performance in almost all conditions.
PROPERTIES
Nylon tyre cord fabric 1. Optimum reinforcing material 2. High tenacity 3. High toughness 4. Superior fatigue resistance 5. Good adhesion to rubber
PROPERTIES
Rayon fabric 1. High initial modulus 2. Improves testing temper about 70-30 degree Celsius
Polyester tyre cord fabric 1. High strength 2. Low shrinkage 3. High modulus 4. Increase extensibility
Steel fabric 1. Tensile strength 2. Elongation 3. Stiffness 4. Superior corrosion resistance 5. High modulus
belts reinforced with kevlar aramid fiber Improved rubberized fabric sheets used in waterproof covers, flexible storage bins , frictional surface etc.
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