MANAGEMENT

TO BEGIN WITH
Management in all business and organizational activities is the act of getting people together to accomplish desired goals and objectives using available resources efficiently and effectively Since organizations can be viewed as systems, management can also be defined as human action, including design, to facilitate the production of useful outcomes from a system

BASIC FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT

PLANNING ORGANISING STAFFING DIRECTING OR LEADING CONTROLLING

STAFFING

INTRODUCTION

The foundation of any organisation is the talented and hardworking people, who are the principal assets of any firm. It is an established fact that the growth of an organisation requires the continual infusion of quality staff. Thus, adequate staffing or the provision for appropriate human resources is an essential requirement for any organization's success. It is, therefore, believed that an organisation can achieve its objectives only when it has the right persons in the right positions.

TO PUT IT IN SIMPLE TERMS

After planning and selection of the organisation structure, the next step in the management process is to fill the various posts provided in the organisation. This is termed as the management of staffing function. In the simplest terms, staffing is putting people to jobs. It begins with workforce planning and includes different other function like recruitment, selection, training, development, promotion, compensation and performance appraisal of work force.

Staffing has been described as the managerial function of filling and keeping filled the positions in the organisation structure. This is achieved by, first of all, identifying requirement of work force, followed by recruitment, selection, placement, promotion, appraisal and development of personnel, to fill the roles designed into the organisation structure.

NEED AND IMPORTANCE

Need: In any organisation, there is a need for people to perform work. The staffing function of management fulfills this requirement and finds the right people for the right job Importance: Human resources are the foundation of any business. The right people can help you take your business to the top; the wrong people can break your business. Hence, staffing is the most fundamental and critical drive of organisational performance.

NATURE OF STAFFING
Staffing is an important managerial function Staffing is a pervasive activity Staffing is a continuous activity The basis of staffing function is efficient management of personnel Staffing helps in placing right men at the right job Staffing is performed by all managers

BENEFITS OF STAFFING

(i) Helps in discovering and obtaining competent personnel for

various jobs; (ii) Makes for higher performance, by putting right person on the right job; (iii) Ensures the continuous survival and growth of the enterprise through the succession planning for managers; (iv) Helps to ensure optimum utilisation of the human resources. By avoiding over manning, it prevents under-utilisation of personnel and high labour costs. At the same time it avoids disruption of work by indicating in advance the shortages of personnel; and (v) Improves job satisfaction and morale of employees through objective assessment and fair rewarding of their contribution.

STAFFING PROCESS

Manpower requirements- The very first step in staffing is to plan the manpower inventory required by a concern in order to match them with the job requirements and demands. Therefore, it involves forecasting and determining the future manpower needs of the concern. Recruitment- Once the requirements are notified, the concern invites and solicits applications according to the invitations made to the desirable candidates. Selection- This is the screening step of staffing in which the solicited applications are screened out and suitable candidates are appointed as per the requirements. Orientation and Placement- Once screening takes place, the appointed candidates are made familiar to the work units and work environment through the orientation programmes. placement takes place by putting right man on the right job. Training and Development- Training is a part of incentives given to the workers in order to develop and grow them within the concern. Training is generally given according to the nature of activities and scope of expansion in it. Along with it, the workers are developed by providing them extra benefits of in depth knowledge of their functional areas. Development also includes giving them key and important jobs as a test or examination in order to analyse their performances.

Remuneration- It is a kind of compensation provided monetarily to the employees for their work performances. This is given according to the nature of job- skilled or unskilled, physical or mental, etc. Remuneration forms an important monetary incentive for the employees. Performance Evaluation- In order to keep a track or record of the behaviour, attitudes as well as opinions of the workers towards their jobs. For this regular assessment is done to evaluate and supervise different work units in a concern. It is basically concerning to know the development cycle and growth patterns of the employees in a concern. Promotion and transfer- Promotion is said to be a non- monetary incentive in which the worker is shifted from a higher job demanding bigger responsibilities as well as shifting the workers and transferring them to different work units and branches of the same organization.

FINALLY.

The importance of staffing within the management, is to make sure that you're able to create a plan or organizational chart of whom is working where at what time, and the levels that report to the different people. You will need to have an appropiate schedule and flow chart for this means in order to know where and which level people stand.

DIRECTING

INTRODUCTION
A manager needs to use various ways to lead, motivate and inspire the subordinates and to communicate with them suitably. These are collectively called Directing function of Management Determining what needs to be done in a situation and getting people to do it.

TO PUT IT IN SIMPLE TERMS

Directing includes all those activities which are designed to encourage the subordinates to work effectively and efficiently. Directing is said to be the heart of management process. Planning, organizing, staffing have got no importance if direction function does not take place.

CHARACTERISTICS
Pervasive Function Continuous Activity Human Factor Creative Activity Executive Function Delegate Function

PRINCIPLES OF DIRECTING
Maximum individual contribution Harmony of objectives Unity of Command Appropriateness of direction technique Managerial communication Use of informal organisation Leadership Follow through

ELEMENTS OF DIRECTING
Supervision Motivation Leadership Communication

SUPERVISION
The term supervision can be understood in two ways: As an element of directing:-process of guiding the efforts of employees and other resources to accomplish the desired objectives. As a function Performed by a manager in the organisational hierarchy:- he is directly related with workers whereas other mangers have no direct touch with bottom level workers.

MOTIVATION
Motivation is the process of stimulating people to action to accomplish desired goals of organisation. It is an internal feeling of an individual and leads to goal directed behaviour. Motivation is mainly based on needs of individuals. It helps individuals and groups in the organisation for improved performance.

LEADERSHIP

Leadership is most important factor in the success of an enterprise. It is the process of influencing people to strive willingly for group objectives

COMMUNICATION
Communication refers to process of exchange of facts,ideas,opinions or emotions between two or more persons. Communication process involves the elements of source, encoding, channel, receiver, decoding and feedback