SISTEM KOMUNIKASI NIRKABEL

Jati Fallat
Pendekatan Analitik dan Empirik
Mobile Radio Channel Characterisation
Theoretical approach
Free space loss
Plane earth path loss
Diffraction loss
Empirical/prediction approach
Okumura-Hatta - Blomquist-Ladel
Lee - Alsebrook
Egli - Ibrahim Parson
Measurement of large scale and application in coverage prediction
Some examples

Karakterisasi Propagasi

Mobile Radio Propagasi
Large-scale propagation Small-scale propagation
Mean signal
Signal Variation
Time
spreading of
signal
Time
variation of
channel
MODEL PROPAGASI SISTEM SELULAR

Model untuk memperkirakan redaman :
Model teoretis
Model empiris
Model Lee
Persamaan Umum Redaman Propagasi
Perkiraan Titik demi Titik
Model Okumura-Hatta
Faktor Koreksi Undulasi
Faktor Koreksi Kemiringan


Theoretical approach
Free space formula
Received power density at distance d when Tx antena gain G
t
is


Received power when Rx antenna gain G
t
is

Ratio of Rx/Tx power is

Free space path loss is L
p(FS)
[dB] = 32.45 + 20 log f + 20 log d


2
t t
r
d 4
G W
P
t
=
t

t
=
4
G

d 4
G W
W
r
2
2
t t
r
2
r t
2
r t
t
r
df 4
c
G G
d 4
G G
W
W
|
.
|

\
|
t
=
|
.
|

\
|
t

=
Plane earth propagation






Path loss model plane earth is L
p(PE)
= 120 + 40 log
d 20 log h
t
20 log h
r
Tx
Rx
h
t
h
r

d
Diffraction Loss









The difference of path length between direct and diffracted ray is
T
x
R
x
d
1
d
2
h (positif)

T
x
R
x
d
1
d
2
h (negatif)

2 1
2 1
2
d d
d d

2
h
d
+
~ A
Fresnel zone (path clearance)
The phase difference when h << d
1
and h << d
2
is


with v is diffraction parameter which can be expressed as



The n-th Fresnel zone is area between Tx and Rx inside the
ellipsoide with radius of its cross section of r
n
where
2
2 1
2 1
2
v
2 d d
d d
2
h 2 d 2 t
=
+

t
=

A t
= A
|
|
.
|

\
| +

=
2 1
2 1
d d
d d 2
h v
2 1
2 1
n
d d
d d n
h r
+

= =
Empirical Prediction Approach
Based on signal measurement
Okumura - Blomquist-Ladel
Lee - Alsebrook
Egli - Ibrahim-Peterson

Mathematical Formulation based on signal
measurement
Hatta (Japan)
COST-231 (Europe)

Okumura Hatta Model










L
p(open)
= L
p(urban)
4.78(logf)
2
+ 18.33 log f 40.94
For urban area:
L
pu
[dB] = 69.55 + 26.16 log f 13.82 log h
b
a(h
m
) + (44.9 6.55 log h
b
) log d
Model Okumura Hatta
KLASIFIKASI
DAERAH
PELAYANAN
RUMUS REDAMAN PERAMBATAN
Urban Area
Lu = 69,55 +26,16 log f
c
13,82 log h
b
a (h
m
) + (44,9
6,55 log h
b
) log R..(dB)
- Faktor koreksi untuk tinggi antena stasiun mobil
yang bergantung kepada tipe daerah urban yang
dibagi sebagai berikut :
Medium small city :
a (h
m
) = (1,1 log f
c
0,7) h
m
(1,56 log f
c
0,8) .(dB)
Large City
a (h
m
) = 8,29 (log f
c
1,54 h
m
)
2
1,1 , f
c
< 200 MHz
a (h
m
) = 3,2 (log f
c
11,75 h
m
)
2
4,97 , f
c
> 400 MHz
Sub Urban Area Lsu = Lu (urban area) 2 [log (f
c
/28)]
2
5,4 .(dB)
Open Area Lo = Lu (urban area) 4,78 (log f
c
)
2
+ 18,33 log f
c

40,94 .(dB)
Keterangan :
f
c
= frekuensi kerja yang berharga : 150 MHz 1500 MHz
h
b
= tinggi antena stasiun tetap (RBS) : 30 m 200 m
hm = tinggi antena stasiun mobil (MS) : 1 m 3 m
R = jarak pemancar penerima : 1 km 20 km
Lee Model
Lee formulated the path loss of being
L
p
[dB] = L
0
+ log d ; with L
0
is path loss at d = 1 km and is the
path loss slope.
Area L
0
[dB] (dB/decade]
Free space 91.2 20
Open/rural area 90.4 43.5
Suburban area 104.3 38.4
New Ark 105.5 43.1
Philadelphia 112.8 36.8
New York City 117.5 48
Tokyo 128.1 30.5

Egli Model dan Blomquist-Laded Model

EGLI MODEL
Based on Plane Earth Theoretical model with correction factors

L
p
[dB] = 120 + 40 log d 20 log h
t
20 log h
r
+ |

Blomquist-Laded Model

L
p
[dB] = L
free space
+{(L
iplane earth
L
free space
)
2
+
(L
diffraction
)
2
}
1/2



Alsebrook Model
For flat areas L
p
[dB] = L
plane earth
+L
B
+ ,

For hilly areas :
L
p
[dB] = L
free space
+{(L
iplane earth
L
free
space
)
2
+ (L
diffraction
)
2
}
1/2
+ L
B
+ ,


Ibrahim-Peterson Model

L
p
[dB] = 40 log d 20 log(h
b
h
m
) + o