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It's not that easy bein' green Having to spend each day the color of the leaves When I think it could be nicer being red or yellow or gold Or something much more colorful like that
Gamma rays
X-rays
UV
Infrared
Microwaves
Radio waves
Visible light
Wavelength (nm)
ANS. GREEN
The feathers of male cardinals are loaded with carotenoid pigments. These pigments absorb some wavelengths of light and reflect others.
Sunlight minus absorbed wavelengths or colors equals the apparent color of an object.
The thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast is impregnated with photosynthetic pigments (i.e.,
chlorophylls, carotenoids).
Light
Reflected light
Chloroplast
LEAF
CHLOROPLAST
Grana
Stroma
MESOPHYLL CELL
CHLOROPLAST
Chloroplast Pigments
Chloroplasts contain several pigments
Chlorophyll a = absorbs blue-violet and red light Chlorophyll b = absorbs blue and orange light Carotenoids = absorbs blue-green light
Figure 7.7
AN OVERVIEW OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
The light reactions convert solar energy to chemical energy
Produce ATP & NADPH
Light
Chloroplast NADP ADP +P Light reactions Calvin cycle
Chlorophyll a & b
Chl a has a methyl group Chl b has a carbonyl group
Phytol tail
Photon
PHOTOSYSTEM Reaction center
Cyclic Photophosphorylation
Process for ATP generation associated with some Photosynthetic Bacteria Reaction Center => 700 nm
Water-splitting photosystem
NADPH-producing photosystem
Noncyclic Photophosphorylation
Photosystem II regains electrons by splitting water, leaving O2 gas as a by-product
Primary electron acceptor Primary electron acceptor
Photons
PHOTOSYSTEM II
2
Light
NADPH-producing photosystem
In the light reactions, there is a flow of electrons from____ molecules to ____, which is reduced to ____, the source of electron for sugar synthesis in the ____ cycle. ANS. Water, NADP+, NADPH, Calvin
In the light reactions, electron transport chains generate ATP, NADPH, & O2
Two connected photosystems collect photons of light and transfer the energy to chlorophyll electrons The excited electrons are passed from the primary electron acceptor to electron transport chains
Their energy ends up in ATP and NADPH
Light
Light
Thylakoid membrane
PHOTOSYSTEM II
PHOTOSYSTEM I
ATP SYNTHASE
What is the advantage of the light reactions producing NADPH and ATP on the stroma side of the thylakoid membrane? ANS. The Calvin cycle, which consumes the NADPH and ATP, occurs in the stroma.
Light
CALVIN CYCLE
Stroma
Cellular respiration Cellulose Starch LIGHT REACTIONS CALVIN CYCLE Other organic compounds
It's not that easy bein' green but it is essential for life on earth!