Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
V. Balasubramanian
IRRI
Learning Objectives
Describe different types of rice nursery management Describe the critical factors of the rice transplanting process Describe the advantages and constraints of manual transplanting and seedling broadcasting Describe preparation and leveling of fields for direct seeding
Wet-bed
Dry-bed
Dapog (Mat)
Modified mat
Bubble Tray
Wet-bed Nursery-1
Compute the seed & seedbed area: 50 kg seed & 500 m2 seedbed area for TP one ha of main field Locate the seedbed away from electric light in a fertile field that is easy to irrigate & drain Start preparing the seedbed 2 weeks before planting time
IRRI: Rice Production Course
Wet-bed Nursery-2
Add organic manures and/or fertilizers as needed Irrigate, plow, puddle and level the field Prepare beds of 1 to 1.5 m width, 4-5 cm height & any convenient length Pre-germinate the seeds 2 days before sowing: 24 h soaking & 24 h incubation Sow the pre-germinated seeds on beds
IRRI: Rice Production Course
Wet-bed Nursery-3
Water the seedbed 2-3 DAS and then maintain a water level of 2-5 cm, depending on the height of seedlings Apply 20-40 g urea or DAP per m2 at 10 DAS, if needed Apply pesticide only when needed Seedlings are ready for TP from 20-25 DAS
IRRI: Rice Production Course
Dry-bed Nursery-1
Compute the seed & seedbed area: 50 kg seed & 500 m2 seedbed area for TP one ha of main field Locate the seedbed away from electric light in a fertile field with light soil and easy access to a water source Start preparing the seedbed 2 weeks before planting time Add enough organic manures &/or fertilizers
IRRI: Rice Production Course
Dry-bed Nursery-2
Plow and harrow the field
Prepare raised seedbeds of 1.5 m width, 0.1-0.15 m height, and any convenient length
Seed priming: weigh required quantity of clean seed, soak for 24 h and then dry in the shade Primed seed is reported to germinate faster than fresh dry seed Sow the primed seeds on raised beds & cover the seed lightly with soil or rice hull
IRRI: Rice Production Course
Dry-bed Nursery-3
Water the seedbed till saturation after sowing Then water the bed periodically as seedlings emerge & grow Regulate the water supply, if necessary, to control the rate of seedling growth
Dapog Nursery
Seedlings at 5 DAS
MMN: Aerobic
IRRI: Rice Production Course
MMN: Flooded
Seedlings at 15 DAS
Seed bed area: 250 m2 to plant one ha Nursery in uplands, lowlands or near the house In lowlands, 75 cm wide and 9-12 cm high seed beds are used
Source: Dr. Sumith, RRDI, SL
IRRI: Rice Production Course
Dry-bed
Dapog (mat) Modified mat Bubble tray
500
60-75 100 250
50
40-50 9-25 15-20
IRRI: Rice Production Course
25-30
8-15 15 12-15
Effect of plant spacing & seedling number per hill on initial plant count and required tillers per plant
Square Planting
(with 1-2 seedlings per hill)
Difficult to find
labor to plant on time
Chinese planter
Japanese planter
Seedling Broadcasting
Seedling Broadcasting-Manual
------- Grain Yield (t/ha)------- Manual transplanting Seedling b/casting (SB) 6.09 5.66 5.87
6.06
5.28
5.67
Mean
6.07
5.47
SB
No. of hills m-2 38
TP
42
SB
49
TP
39
SB
44
TP
41
321
293
391
302
356
298
8.8
8.5
9.0
8.5
8.9
8.5
Japanese
WDS: Broadcasting
Most common wet seeding method Sprouted seeds Seed rate: 80-250 kg ha-1
IRRI: Rice Production Course
Seed hoppers
Seed holes
Drum seeder
Dry Seeding
Used in rainfed areas Dry seed Seed rate 300 kg ha-1 Germination with rainfall; drought High pest incidence
Dry broadcasting
Machine seeding
Bed Planting
Direct seeding?
(1,000,000/1000) x (25/1000) = 25 kg
Seed: 25/0.7 = 36 kg