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General Corrosion
Different Stress
The portion of the metal under higher stress, (eg. cold worked) will be anodic to the portion of the metal at a lower stress level.
Neutralization Mixers
Reactors that see various concentrations of sulfuric acid should use Alloy 20 UNS No- N08020.
Heating Coils
Heat transfer surfaces are very susceptible to general and localized pitting corrosion due to the higher temperature.
Sealing these areas from the outside air and moisture is important.
Crevice Corrosion
A form of localized attack in which the site of the attack is an area where free access to the surrounding environment is restricted..
Filiform Corrosion
A special form of oxygen cell corrosion occurring beneath organic or metallic coatings on materials. The attack results in a fine network of random threads of corrosion product developed beneath the coating material.
Copper Pitting
Pitting Remedies
Use more alloyed material ( molybdenum is key alloying element) Reduce eliminate the pitting agents Lower the process temperature Coatings Cathodic protection In the case of SS increase process velocity
Questions to answer
What type of corrosion occurred on the 302 SS spring?
What would be two possible solution based on the statistical data and remedies?
Corrosion Fatigue
Results from the combined action of a cyclic tensile stress and and a corrosive environment.
Lab Data
Lye Separators
After about 9 years stress corrosion cracking was pervasive in a continuos lye seperation plant. A typical crack is shown here.
Crack
120 F
Carbon steel
Ammonium Chloride
This is an example where a tank fluid is not compatible with 316 stainless steel. Pitting and stress corrosion cracking with quaternary ammonium chloride fabric softener.
Lye Evaporators
During the evaporation step, lyes can be corrosive to 316 SS alloy heat exchangers by pitting and stress corrosion cracking. In addition lyes can contain NaClO3. NaClO3, Sodium Chlorate, is corrosive to stainless steels. If this is the case, an upgrade in heat exchanger metallurgy is necessary to Inconel 625 for tubing.
Fatigue Cracking
Expansion joints that undergo high stress and strain due to heat/mechanical forces are susceptible to corrosion fatigue cracking. In general the higher the nickel concentration in the alloy the better the fatigue properties.
Corrosion Galvanic
Galvanic Series
More Reactive
Potassium Magnesium Beryllium Aluminum Zinc Chromium Iron Nickel Tin Copper Silver Platinum Gold
Less Reactive
Impingement Corrosion
Localized erosion-corrosion caused by turbulence or impinging flow.
Cavitation Corrosion
Mechanical damage process caused by collapsing bubbles in a flowing liquid.
Impingement- Erosion
Typically are silicon aluminum castings . These alloys are susceptible to erosion and pitting corrosion with time.
Low
Low Low Medium Medium
High
High-temperature Corrosion
A form of material degradation classified above ( 750+ F).
General or pitting corrosion occurs.
- solids
- liquids - gases
High temperature corrosion of 321 SS at 1300 F with SO2 The thickness of the plate was 1/8 inch and lasted less than two years.
310
309 304
18.9
22.3 27.0
302B
316 321
29.8
31.1 54.8