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Meiosis I
Interphase
Prophase I
Metaphase I
Anaphase I
Telephase I
Meiosis II
Prophase II
Metaphase II
Anaphase II
Telephase II
Testes
preputium (foreskin)
There is verifiable health benefit to circumcision.
Circumcision
shaft sutures
corona
foreskin
Sperm Pathway
Semen Seminal fluid is thick, yellowish, and alkaline. It contains mucus, fructose, a coagulating enzyme, ascorbic acid, and prostaglandins. Accessory glands:
Seminal vesicle: A pair of glands that secrete a liquid component of semen into the vas deferens. Secretion is alkaline Contains fructose, asorbic acid, coagulating enzyme, prostaglandin
Seminal Vesicle
Prostate gland: Location- surrounds and opens into the urethra where it leaves the bladder. Secretion- slightly alkaline fluid that activates the sperm and prevents them from sticking together Prostate problems are common in males over 40. Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in men.
Prostate
Bulbourethral gland (Cowpers gland): Location- paired glands that lie beneath the prostate Secretion- a thick, clear alkaline mucous that drains into the membranous urethra. Function- It acts to wash residual urine out of the urethra when ejaculating semen-- raises pH; neutralizes acidity of urine.
Bulbourethral gland
Ejaculation
Ejaculation propels sperm from the epididymis to the vas deferens.
The vas deferens run from the scrotum and behind the urinary bladder.
Here each vas deferens joins with a duct from the seminal vesicle to form an ejaculatory duct.
The ejaculatory ducts open into the urethra.
The urethra drains both the excretory and reproductive systems.
Ejaculate
A male usually ejaculates about 2 5 mL of semen; each milliliter containing about 50 130 million sperm. Bulbourethral fluid also carries some sperm released before ejaculation. This is one of the reasons why the withdrawal method of birth control has a high failure rate.
Spermatogenesis
Mature Spermatozoa
acrosome nucleus head tail
mitochondria
Seminiferous Tubules
Seminiferous Tubules
spermatozoa Sertoli cell spermatids
2 spermatocyte 1 spermatocyte spermatogonium
GnRH
Anterior Pituitary ICSH FSH
Testosterone
Sertoli Cells
Spermatogenesis
Inhibin
Feedback Inhibition
Inhibin Acts on anterior pituitary Inhibits FSH production Testosterone Acts on hypothalamus Inhibits GnRH production
Some Other Effects of Testosterone muscle and bone growth facial and pubic hair growth thickening of vocal cords growth of pharyngeal cartilage hair follicle effects stimulates sebaceous glands Increased BMR
Vasectomy
Internal reproductive: Vagina Cervix Fallopian tube (uterian tube/oviducts) Fimbrae ovary Ovary fimbriae Uterus - Endometrium - Myometrium - Perimetrium
uterine tube uterus
vagina
Oogenesis
Ovary- contains 400,000 oocytes; release about 500 in a lifetime Ovary- under influence of FSH. The follicles mature every 28 days Primary follicle produces estrogens And primary oocyte completes its 1st division produces 2ndary oocyte and polar body
Oogenesis
Aprox 1/2 way through the 28 day cycle the follicle reaches the mature Vesticular or Graffian follicle stage.
Oogenesis
Estrogen levels rise and release LH and FSH and triggers ovulation.
Oogenesis
The 2ndary oocyte travels down the uterine tube to the uterus. If fertilized by sperm, it will produce a zygote
Ectopic Pregnancy
Ovarian Cyst
Endometriosis
Oogenesis
GnRH
Anterior Pituitary LH FSH
LH
Estrogen
Hormone Fluctuation
Mammary glands.
Are present in both males and females. Are not a component of the reproductive system. Contain epithelial tissue that secrete milk.
Mammary Gland
INQUIRY
1. Where are sperm cells formed within the testes? 2. What portion of the sperm contains 23 chromosomes? 3. What 3 accessory glands produce seminal fluid? 4. What is the term for the primary human sex organs? 5. What structure is formed following ovulation? 6. What hormones are produced from the corpus luteum? 7. List several effective means for preventing conception.