.

Contents
1) Weather station.
2) Weather information. 3) Metrological sensors .

4) AWS Operation / Working .

5) Supporting Data base. 6) Observation table . 7) Graphs 8) PV system Testing , Standards , Testing standards. 9) References .
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Introduction
Automatic weather station (AWS) is set of

[1]

Metrological sensors so connected to Obtain weather information.

Works on GSM technology with Data Acquisition

system.
Remote control operated.

Weather information.
Temperature

Relative Humidity
Rainfall Solar Radiation Wind Speed & Direction Pressure

Ultra Violet Index (UVI)

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Temperature sensor.
Thermometers is used to measure Air temperature.
Known as smart sensors. Operating ranges Temp. - (-40 to 123 deg. C.) Resolution- 0.01 deg. C . Accuracy - (- 0.5 to + 0.5 deg. C) Output - Digital on a console.

[1]

Thermometer(Internally)
Thermistor

Thermistor : Resistance varies with temperature

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Relative Humidity (RH).

Hygrometer is used. Calculated in percentage.

[1]

Humidity Moisture present in atmospheric air. If RH= 100% Air contains nil moisture. Scale Range 0 to 100 %

Working Of Hygrometer
It measures Humidity in terms of resistance and

capacitance change of radiation shield.

Wind parameter
It has 2 parameters

# wind speed (m/s) . # wind direction (Any direction in Degrees ) .

3 cup Anemometer is used to measure speed. Vanes are used to know Directions. Speed range 5 kmph to 200 kmph .

.
.

Wind vane

Wind cup Anemometer

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Solar radiation
Pyranometer is used .
Technically known as - Insolation . Radiation of sun is measured in Watt/M sq. Insolation = Radiation of sun / Unit area . Range Temperature range [ -40 to 80 deg. Celsius ] Radiation range

[ 0 to 2000 watt/ m sq] Data logger is used to record radiations .

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Pyranometer
.

Bubble Level
To ensure the sensor is horizontal to the sea level

Why?
Sensor

Other wise It Detect the non-directional radiation

Bubble Level
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Rainfall
Unit: mm
Rain gauge sensor is used . Funnel shape rain collector Collect rain drops

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How rainfall is recorded ?

1 tip of buckets = 0.2 mm Rainfall = tipping times of buckets x 0.2 mm

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Stand alone weather station

[2]

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How AWS works ???

It works on metrological sensors. Data logger .

[2]

Remote GSM technology.

Data acquisition system.

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Working

17

User interface
digital console http//www.Moinee.co.in/MNIT

[3]

Where the whole metrological data is recorded on a

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19

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Observation Table
Date

[4]
Insolation

Time
6.00 pm 11.00 am 6.00 am

Temp.(c)

Humidity%

Wind (m/s)

Rainfall
0 0 0

1-04-2013 15-04-2013 1-05-2013

36 38 27

22.2 21 15

3.1 4.5 3.3

110 563 23

15-05-2013
1-06-2013 15-06-2013 1-07-2013

1.00 pm
1.00 pm 12.00 pm 6.35 pm

40
47 45 36

10
24 33 42

6.7
5.14 6.4 6.6

880
853 653 84

0
0 0 1.6 mm

1-08-2013
15-08-2013 1-09-2013 16-09-2013

11.00 am
1.00 pm 1.00 pm 1.00 pm

27.44
30 31.4 34.5

88.2
72.08 62.5 42.6

3.73
5.9 4.6 5.8

300
745 985 803

0
0 0 0
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Graphical outputs
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Humidity

Humidity

Temprature
50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Temprature

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.
.
Insolation Watt/m sq.
1000 8 7 6 5 4 Insolation 3 2 1 Wind speed

Wind speed m/s

900
800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

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Part 2
Photo-voltaic system .
Codes

[5]

Testing standards.
Testing standards.

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Photovoltaic system
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

P. v. panels. Charge controllers. Storage (Battery) . Inverters . Cables . Switches . J/N box .
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.
P V system

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Panel specifications
Operating conditions-25 deg Celsius.
Panel Power:200Wp Open circuit voltage:43.2V Short circuit Current:6.1A Voltage at maximum power output:35V Current at maximum power output:5.74A Inverter Rating:3KVA Total Panel Capacity:2KWp Fill factor : 0.762
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PV measurements
Time 2.20pm KWH 1691 1691.2 1691.3 1691.4 1691.4 1691.4 1691.5 1691.7 1691.7 1691.7 1691.7 1691.7 1691.7 1691.7 Ld (%) 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.41 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.25 0.22 0.17 O/P (v) 230 230 230 230 230 230 230 230 230 230 230 230 230 230 BV (V) 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 48 48 48 48 48 48 I- pv (A) 27.4 26.8 27 26.7 26.4 26.4 25.9 1.2 1 0.8 0.5 0.2 0.1 0 PV (V)

[6]

52 52 52 52 52 51 51 50 50 50 50 50 51 51 28

. 2.25pm
230pm 2.35pm 2.40pm 2.45pm 2.47pm 5.45pm 5.50pm 5.55pm 6.00pm 6.05pm 6.10pm 6.12pm

Load Calculations
Lights

[6]

8 Fans4 Cooler 4 Printer 4 Computer 4

40W 50W 220W 150W 200W

320W 200W 880W 600W 800W

= 2800W

Total connected load

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Test standards
Different testing standards to every parts.
IEC International electro technical commission . BIS Indian standards. MNRE guidelines .

[7]

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Codes and standards

.

System
Solar P V panel

Parameters
Manufacturing process

Standards

As per MNRE guidelines Charge controller Environmental test IEC / IS -60068

Inverters Battery storage Cables Switches Junction Box Efficiency Tests Capacity test , self discharge test Resistance test Safety test General test

IEC / IS 61683 IEC / IS 62001 IS - 694 IEC /IS 60947 IEC 529
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AUTHORISED TEST CENTRES IN INDIA

oMNRE approved testing laboratories o

[8]

1- ETRL -Eurotransplant Reference Laboratory 2- EDRL Research group. oNABL National accreditation board for testing. oNREL National renewable energy laboratory.

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References
[1] Virtual electronics manufacturer manual. [2]-IEEE 2010 -Design of Automatic Weather Station Based on GSM Module [3]- http://www.Moinee.co.in/mnit [4]-Xlsx sheets from Moinee.co.in Observed value . [5]- MNRE Codes and standards of PV system F.Y. 20122013 [6]-Observed data from inverter. [7]- MNRE : standards [8]- NREL Testing agencies detail pdf . Product manual catalogues of devices is used.
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Thank you

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