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Gymnosperms Angiosperms
Gymnosperms
Phylum Ginkgophyta Cycadophyta Gnetophyta Coniferphyta Common Name Ginkgo Cycads Gnetae Conifers Approx. # of Species 1 130 75 600
Characteristics of Gymnosperms
Vascular tissue present
Phloem and xylem
Naked seeds
No flowers Dominant generation: Sporophyte
Gymnosperm Sporophyte
Gametophyte is dependent on sporophyte. Male cone (pollen cone)
Produce microspores. Microspores undergo meiosis and eventually produce pollen grains.
Zamia sp.
Ginkgo
Pinus
micropyle micropyle pollen grains pollination droplet integument meiosis megasporocyte (2n) megasporangium (nucellus) (2n) pollination chamber mitosis & differentiation functional megaspore (n) pollen grains with tubes
pollen grains
integument (2n) archegonial chamber archegonium (with egg) megasporangium (nucellus) (2n)
micropyle
hypocotyl
epicotyl (shoot apex) female gametophyte (n) cotyledons female gametophyte (n) megasporangium (degenerate)
}
embryo (new 2n)
Young ovule
Mature ovule
Ginkgophyta - Ginkgoales
Ginkgo biloba Popular street tree Highly branched woody tree Fan-shaped often 2-lobed leaves w/ dichotomous venation Dioecious Motile sperm
Macrozamia moorei
Bowenia spectabilis
Z a m i a c e a e
Lepidozamia sp.
Stangeria sp.
Encephalartos sp.
C y c a d a c e a e
Cycas revoluta
Cycas circinalis
Encephalartos sp.
Z a m i a c e a e
Zamia sp.
Ginkgophyta - Ginkgoales
Ginkgo biloba Popular street tree Highly branched woody tree Fan-shaped often 2-lobed leaves w/ dichotomous venation Dioecious Motile sperm
Ginkgo biloba
Ginkgo biloba
With cones but do not bear structures that resemble sporophylls
Ginkgo biloba
Conferophyta- Conifers
Highly branched trees or shrubs with simple leaves Sperm nonmotile Evergreen leaves Needle-like, scalelike, flat blades
Conifer Diversity
A. Araucariaceae B-G. Cupressaceae H. Podocarpaceae I-J. Taxaceae
K-L. Pinaceae
Araucariaceae
Cupressaceae
Cuppressus
Podocarpaceae
Pinaceae
Podocarpaceae
Taxaceae
Taxaceae
Pinaceae: Pinus
Gnetophyta - Gnetales
3 extant families Thought to be sister group Striate pollen Vessels with pore-like plates
Gnetales
Photosynthetic stems
Reduced scale-like leaves
Welwitschia mirabilis
Native to Namibia, SW Africa