CLASSIFICATION OF BUILDING

Based on Structure Load Bearing Structure

Framed Structure
Composite Structure

CLASSIFICATION OF BUILDING
Based on Occupancy

Residential Building Detached building : Bunglow Semi-detached building: Twin Bunglow Row house Low rise / High rise building: Flats Public Building
Educational Business Storage Institutional Mercantile Assembly Industrial

DESIGN LOAD
Loads

Live

Dead

Wind

Special Loads
On floors On roofs Earthquake Hydrostatic Snow fall Rain fall

LEVELS IN BUILDINGS
Foundation level Ground level Plinth level Finished floor level Window sill level Lintel level Slab level Parapet level

COMMON BUILDING COMOPONENTS

Sub structure : Foundation Super structure: Plinth
D.P.C. Floors Walls and Columns Beam Doors, Windows & Ventilators Lintels & Arches Chhajja / Whethershed Steps & Staircase Slab & Roofs Parapet Copping Canopy
Definitions, common dimensions, functions

Foundation
Shallow foundation:
Spread footing
For wall Simple, Stepped & Grillage For Column Single, Stepped & Sloped

Strap footing Combined footing

Rectangular Trapezoidal

Mat footing

Deep foundation:
Pile Pier Well or Cassions

20 & 30 cm thick wall foundation

Roof
Types of Roof

Flat (Slab)

Sloped (pitched) Queen post truss

Domes (Curved)

King post truss

Lean to -roof Spherical Cylindrical

Flat slab

Lean to - roof

Doors & Windows

Types of Doors: Battened and ledged door Battened, ledged & braced door Framed, battened & braced door Framed and panelled door Panelled and Glazed door Flush door Collapsible steel door Revolving door Swing door

General cross section of door

Battened and ledged door

Battened, ledged and braced door

Framed, battened and braced door

Framed and panneled door

Framed and panneled door

Panneled and glazed door

Panneled and glazed door

Flush door

Collapsible steel door

Revolving door

Doors & Windows

Types of Windows:

Steel window Panelled window Panelled and glazed window Glazed window Bay window Corner window Clerestory window

Bay window

Bay window

Corner window

Clerestory window

Clerestory window

Clerestory window

Clerestory window

Staircase

Terminologies

Stair Step Tread and Riser Rise and Going Landing Nosing and Scotia Handrail and Baluster Newel post String

Staircase No of flights: Single flight & double flight Materials: Timber, stone, bricks, steel &

R.C.C.

Shape: Straight
Quarter turn & half turn [Newel] Circular Dog legged Open well stairs Geometrical Bifurcated Spiral

Single flight straight staircase

Straight staircase

Quarter turn [Newel]

Half turn [Newel]

Circular staircase

Dog ledged staircase

Open well staircase

Geometrical staircase

Geometrical staircase

Bifurcated staircase

Spiral staircase

Spiral staircase

Beams
Timber beam

Stone beam Steel beam R.C.C. beam

Lintel
Timber lintel Stone lintel Steel lintel Brick lintel R.C.C. lintel

Timber beam & timber lintel

Stone beam and stone lintel

Steel beam and steel lintel

R.C.C. beam and R.C.C. lintel

Brick lintel

Drawing