RUSSIAN REVOLUTION

1905

Russo-Japanese War Bloody Sunday Russia is ruined by its participation in the First World War

1914 to 1917

March 1917

February Revolution Tsar Nicholas II abdicates Moderate Provisional Government (Kerensky) October Revolution Bolsheviks Lenin in power Red VS White Civil War (1918-1920) Stalin came to power Five Year Plan

MarchNovember 1917

November 1917

1917 - 1924

1924 - 1941

Nicholas II Regime
STREGHTS (1905-1913)
Recovery after 1905 Executions of opponents Reforms to please farmers
Buying land: Kulaks

WEAKNESSES
Lack of land reforms Industrial discontent
strikes

industrial development
Improved working conditions

Government repression Renaissance revolutionary parties

Bolsheviks Mensheviks

Universal education plan Disorganization of revolutionary parties

Discrediting of the Royal Family

Rasputin

Dumas
1906

Land confiscation, genuine electoral system, the right to approve the Tzar ministers, right to strike, abolition of death penalty Tzar dissolved at 10 weeks

1907

Dissolved by the Tsar soon Nicholas revoked the vote to peasants and workers

Formed by conservative groups who supported the Tsar

1907 to 1912

1912 to 1917

Groups favoring the Tsar Rebelled against the Tsar once he entered the First World War

March Revolution (1917) WWI - disaster Tsar going to the war front Zarina stays in Moscow - power vacuum Rasputin advisor
Demostrations against the

monarchy Duma forces the Tsar to abdicate

Provisional Government
Alexander Kerensky Weak government
SOVIET OF PETROGRAD

Food scarcity Didnt have control of the army

Bolsheviks

Russia continued its participation in the war Lack of land reforms

Anarchy in the contryside

 Marxist Social Democratic Labor

Party was divided on revolutionary tactics: Bolsheviks (Majority) radicals Mensheviks (Minority) moderate
Lenin returns from exile (April) Germany supports him "Dictatorship of the proletariat"

November Revolution (1917)

Kerensky Provisional Government
He was still in the war Could not arrange for a land reform

Lenin achieved the support of the Soviets and

takes control - Leon Trotsky. Motto: Earth, Bread and Peace

The peasants wanted land Proletariat wanted to end food shortages

Red Army takes over the government

Soviet Federated Socialist Republic of Russia.

November Rev 1917 (Coup detat)

Streghts of Bolsheviks efficient organization propaganda machine Powerful private army (Red Army) Supported financially by Germany LENIN
Weaknesses of the Provisional Gov.

Weak government could not control its members unpopular

Lenin in power

1917-1924 COMmUNIST GOVERNMENT

Bolsheviks in power
They put an end to private property and

distributed the land to the peasants

"Dictatorship of the Proletariat"

Workers are given control of the mines and

industries New flag: hammer and sickle, a unit of worker and peasant. They renamed themselves Communists Armistice: Peace with Germany
Brest-Litovsk Treaty (1918): given land in exchange

for peace (Baltic provinces, Finland and Poland Russian runner)

Bolsheviks in power
Communist society
Religion is prohibited 8 hrs of work entitled to pension and unemployment

insurance Campaign to teach all people to read It promotes science education and prohibits the history and Latin Cohabitation, divorce and abortion.
Terror
Totalitarian State with secret police (Cheka) They murdered the Tsar and his family censorship

CIVIL WAR 1918 - 1921

CIVIL WAR (1918 - 1921)

RED ARMY
Bolsheviks /

WHITE ARMY
Counter

Communists Leon Trotsky Cheka - secret police Labor camps "War Communism" took control of banks, factories, crops, etc.. 1921 - Won the Civil War

revolutionaries They were never really organized. monarchists Liberal-democratic Mensheviks, etc.. Western nations supporting them

EFFECTS OF THE CIVIL WAR

WHAT WAS LIVED Centralization of the economy
peasants unmotivated Low production

CHANGES New Economic Policy New social classes

Politically, the regime became militarized and cruel Death of 8 million Russians (4 times more than in the First War)

RECONSTRUCTION
POLITICS 'Freedom is precious, so precious that must be rationed. Lenin
1922 - Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Bolsheviks - Communist Party The party had all the power Dictatorship of the Party NOT of the proletariat Supreme Soviet Legislature Universal vote Equal rights

RECONSTRUCTION

ECONOMY Mean of production passed to workers and peasants

New Economic Policy (1921-1924) After 3 years of war communism, a mutiny at the Kronstadt naval base scared the Bolsheviks, and they realized that they were pressing the people too hard. Lenin brought in the New Economic Policy, which allowed some free enterprise, and concentrated on stimulating production. Coal, iron, steel and railways stayed nationalized, but the Bolsheviks brought in experts, on high wages, to increase production.

New Social Status

New traders (called 'nepmen') were allowed to set up

small private businesses. At the same time - where War Communism had forced the peasants to hand over ALL their surplus grain Lenin let them sell their surplus, and pay a tax instead. Some hard-working peasants became rich (the Kulaks)