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What is HEV?
HEV Stands for Hybrid Electric Vehicle An HEV is a vehicle which involves multiple sources of power
An EV is an electric vehicle, battery operated only. Sole power by electric motor A traditional vehicle has sole propulsion by ICE or diesel engine Energy source can be gas, natural gas, battery, ultra capacitor, fly wheel, solar panel, etc.
Why HEV?
Optimize the fuel economy
Optimize the operating point of ICE Stop the ICE if not needed Recover the kinetic energy at braking
Reduce emissions
Minimize the emissions when ICE is optimize operation Stop the ICE when its not needed
Quiet Operations
Source: Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicle Data Center (U.S. DoE)
Types of HEV
Parallel HEV: multiple propulsion sources can be combined, or drive the vehicle alone with one of the energy sources Series HEV: sole propulsion by electric motor, but the electric energy comes from another energy source, such as ICE
Control Objectives
To satisfy performance requirements including acceleration, gradeability, and maximum cruising speed To achieve overall high efficiency To maintain battery SOC To recover braking energy
Rule-based
Existing Algorithms
Existing Algorithms
Optimization-based
Global (Offline) Optimization
Have all the data beforehand For specific driving practice
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Online Optimization
Depends on instantaneous data Have good portability = ) =1( + = (), ()