OCCUPTIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

18001-2007

National Productivity Council

2002 NPC - OHSAS 2day - 1

INTRODUCTION TO SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

Safety management systems are intended to provide organisations with the elements of an effective occupational health and safety management system in order to achive health and safety, and economic goal.The intention is that these systems may be integrated with other management requirements such as those for quality and the environment.
National Productivity Council

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Plan/Do/Check/Act Plan 1.health and safety hazards identification,risk assessment and risk control; 2.legal and other requirements; 3.objectives; 4.health and safety management programmes.

CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT BASED ON THE P-D-C-A CYCLE

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Safety management activities

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SAFETY IS ABOUT MANAGING RISKS.

SAFETY IS ABOUT CONTROLLING ACCIDENTAL LOSS.

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LOSS

Avoidable waste of any resource

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ACCIDENT

UNDESIRED EVENT GIVING RISE TO DEATH, ILL HEALTH, INJURY, DAMAGE OR OTHER LOSS

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INCIDENT

EVENT THAT GAVE RISE TO AN ACCIDENT OR HAD THE POTENTIAL TO LEAD TO AN ACCIDENT

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RISK

COMBINATION OF THE LIKELIHOOD AND CONSEQUENCES OF A SPECIFIED HAZARDOUS EVENT OCCURRING

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SAFETY

FREEDOM FROM UNACCEPTABLE RISK

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OHS Risk Management

The essence of risk management is

to avoid high risks, manage

medium risks, and live with low

risks.
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OHSAS Standard
CONTINUAL IMPROVEMENT

Plan Act

Check

Do

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The first duty of Business is to survive, and the guiding principle of Business economics is not the maximisation of profit - it is the avoidance of loss PETER DRUCKER
Loss can be avoided by reducing rework/accidents This can be achieved by control of activities. Control of activities require systematic approach. This can be achieved by assessing your hazards & risks Having a structured safety and loss control Management system. National Productivity Council
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HAZARD
Potential to cause harm
INJURY. DAMAGE TO ENVIRONMENT. DAMAGE TO ASSETS. ILL HEALTH.

A source or situation with a potential for harm in terms of human injury or ill-health, damage to property, environment or a combination to these.

RISK
Likelihood and Consequence of a hazardous event occurring.
The combination of the likelihood and consequence of a specified hazardous event occurring. Risk can also be expressed as probability and extent of damage or loss.

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OHS Risk Management

The essence of risk management is to avoid high risks, manage medium risks, and live with low risks.
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Risk Assessment
Ask The question
What can go wrong? How serious could it be? How likely is it to happen? What should we do about it?
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RISK
LIKELIHOOD = frequency of event occurring e.g.
number of events per year, number of events per 1000 working hours etc.

CONSEQUENCE can be expressed in many ways, e.g.

number of deaths, number of injuries, monetary loss, repair cost etc.

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Risk Criteria
Defining the pain threshold for
Major Loss... Serious Loss... Minor Loss

Significant

...affecting the OHS situation

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Management of risks

HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
RISK EVALUATION PREPARE OHS PROGRAMME
TERMINATE
Avoid or eliminate the hazard

TREAT
OHS Management System

TOLERATE
Acceptable level of risk

TRANSFER
Insurance

IMPLEMENT OHS PROGRAMME MONITOR [Measure, evaluate, commend or correct]

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Terminate
Risk control technique
Used in isolation of other Ts Refusal to expose organization to a risk in the first place Complete elimination of a risk that is already present

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Treat
Includes both loss prevention and loss reduction Termination may not be practical or possible Risk still exists! Most OHS activities involve Treatment
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Tolerate
To an acceptable level of risk Includes all forms of paying for losses with internal funds: current expenses, reserves, borrowing, etc. Only economical in the presence of a good OHS management system
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Transfer
Insurance:
finance losses through insurance leasing, shipping agreements also common not foolproof; most expensive way to pay for risk management-- premiums go up when losses occur

Non-insurance:
contractors / sub-contractors Proprietor often liable for losses, errors, and omissions
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OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

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Occupational Health hazards

Physical
Noise Vibration some examples
Turbines, machine noise, mines (leads to hearing loss, annoyance) ( gradual, painless) affects whole body or segmented (leads to higher O2

consumption, cardiac, respiratory effects, biochemical changes)

Temperature - high (associated with humidity and air changes) ( fatigue) Radiation - Ionizing( atomic), X rays)
Non-Ionizing(electric/magnetic) Infrared, ultraviolet, microwaves, lasers ( interferes with biological process)

Illumination- lighting level, intensity, glare Decompression - pressure differentials, (saturation deep sea divers) Ventilation , Humidity

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Occupational Health hazards

NOISE
AUDITORY
AUDITORY FATIGUE RUPTURE OF THE DRUM TTS ( temporary threshold shift), eg ringing in the ears PTS ( permanent hearing loss)

some examples

NON AUDITORY
ANNOYANCE INTERFERENCE IN SPEECH COMMUNICATION LOW NIGHT VISION DIFFICULT COLOUR PERCEPTION LESS NIGHT SLEEP HIGH BP, HEART RATE, BREATHING, SWEAT RATE HIGH INTESTINAL ACTIVITIES - ABDOMINAL PAIN, FREQUENT LOOSE STOOLS ENLARGED PUPILS,VAGUE MUSCULAR ACHES

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Occupational Health hazards

Chemical METALS some examples
Heavy: Lead , Mercury
Newer : Be, Se, Pl

Other : As, P, Zn, Cu, Cd, Cr, Ni

GASES -

Simple : H2S, SO2, N2 Asphyxiant : CO, HCN Chemical : Phosgene, Carbonyl, Irritant : Chlorine, Ammonia

COMPOUNDS Alkalis

Acids

ORGANIC - Acetic acid, Benzoic, Methonal INORGANIC - HCL, H2SO4,,,HNO3 ORGANIC - Ethanaloamine INORGANIC - Soda Bicarb, Naptha, Caustic

Others
Phenol, CCL4, Tricholoracetic acid

National Productivity Council

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Occupational Health hazards

Chemical ( Contd) some examples DUSTS - Airbone, respirable ( silica, coal, cotton, asbestos) FUMES - Vapour Condensation( nickel, beryllium, zinc,iron ) SMOKE - Incomplete combustion( wood, petroleum products, coal) MISTS/ - Air suspended droplets( chromic acid,sulphuric acid) AEROSOLS GASES - In confined spaces ( hydrogen sulphide, chlorine, CO) VAPOURS - ( gasoline, thinners, solvents) TOXICITY : Ability of material to produce harm to a living organism
- remains constant

Exposure :

- degree can be controlled

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Occupational Health hazards

Biological Virus, Bacteria Fungi Parasites etc
Inhalation, injestion, injection, skin contact

Ergonomic Lifting,: Back ache, strains Repetitive motion: Keyboard, assemblies pressure, monotony, fatigue

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Common Methods for Control of Various Occupational Health Hazards

B Industrial Skin Diseases A Air Contaminants C Noise a. Substitution of substances a. Substitution or replacement a. Reduction at its source b. Engineering controls b. Reduction of noise b. Isolation of operation c. Standard practices transmitted c. Elimination d. Personal protective equipment c. Personal protective d. Change in process or e. Personnel placement equipment operation d. Administrative e. Local exhaust procedures f. Ventilation D Vibration E Cold g. Wetting-down methods a. Source a. Proper clothing h. Housekeeping reduction b. Good physical b. Isolation condition i. Personal protective c. Dampening c. Buddy system equipment j. Personal hygiene k. Air monitoring G F Heat a. b. c. d. e. workers f. periods g. h. Radiation a. Education and training b. Exposure monitoring c. Heat shields and reflective d. equipment e. f. Proper job procedures Effective maintenance Personal protective

Ventilation Equipment and process change Work-saving devices Heat shields and barriers Selection and periodic examination of Work control such as schedules and rest Worker training Replacement of body fluids

clothing

National Productivity Council

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Common Methods for Control of Various Occupational Health Hazards

I
H standards b. c. bulbs, d. Use brighter, more reflective colors Maintain lighting systems (fixtures, Illumination a. Measure light levels; meet lighting

Keep windows, bulbs, etc., clean e. Place lights properly J Ergonomics a. Design and engineering b. Education and training c. Administrative controls (such as shift scheduling) d. Labour-saving devices L

Biological Hazards a. Employee education b. Monitoring c. Personal hygiene d. Insect control e. Proper job procedures f. Personal protective equipment g. Proper sanitary facilities h. Good housekeeping

Psychosocial Hazards a. Management/Supervisor/Leadership training b. Coaching/Counseling/Employee Assistance Programs c. Positive behavior reinforcement Control techniques which depend heavily upon supervisors include: a. Good housekeeping b. Personal hygiene c. Employee training d. Proper task procedures e. Proper task instruction f. Task observation g. Rules compliance h. Protective equipment compliance i. Proper posting and labeling j. Proper storage of hazardous materials k. Group communications l. Personal safety and health contacts National Productivity Council 2002 NPC - OHSAS 2day - 31

National Productivity Council

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Steps for Conducting a Group Risk Assessment

1. Define system / scope 2. Identify item(s) 3. List concern(s) 4. State impact explanation and rating 5. State probability explanation and rating 6. Determine risk level 7. Plan risk controls 8. Know the residual risks
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OHSAS
Management Review.

Policy

Act

Plan
Continual Improvement

OHS risk Legal requirements OH&S Programme(s)

Check
Monitoring &measurement Non conformance corrective and preventive action Records Auditing

Do

Structure & responsibility Training,Communication OH&S documentation Document & data control Operational control Emergency preparedness & response
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National Productivity Council

THANK YOU

National Productivity Council

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