JDBC

JDBC
Lets programmers connect to a database, query it or update through a Java application.
JDBC library is implemented in java.sql package.

Java Database Connectivity (JDBC)

Java app
JDBC calls

JDBC JDBC JDBC driver driver driver

Database commands

Database Database Database

A driver is a program that converts the Java method calls to the corresponding method calls understandable by the database in use. JDBC loads a driver Driver talks to a particular database An application can work with several databases by using all corresponding drivers

JDBC Driver
A driver is a program that converts the Java method calls to the corresponding method calls understandable by the database in use.

JDBC Architecture

Java Application
JDBC API

JDBC Driver Manager

JDBC Driver API
JDBC-ODBC Bridge Vendor Specific JDBC Driver

Vendor Specific ODBC Driver

Database

Database

JDBC vendor specific Architecture

Oracle Driver

Oracle

Java Application

JDBC

DB2 Driver

DB2 Network
MySQL Driver

MySQL
6

Types of JDBC(Drivers)
JDBC-ODBC Bridge Native-API partly Java Driver Net-Protocol All-Java Driver (Type 1= Bridge) (Type 2= Native) (Type 3= Middleware )

Native Protocol All-Java Driver

(Type 4= Pure)

Type 1 JDBC Driver

JDBC-ODBC Bridge driver

ODBC API is written C language & makes use of pointers and

the constructs that java does not support, java program can not directly communicate with ODBCAPI. The Type 1 driver translates all JDBC calls into ODBC calls and sends them to the ODBC driver.

Type 1 JDBC Driver

Advantage Access to almost any database, since the

database's ODBC drivers are already

available. Disadvantages 1. Since the Bridge driver is not written fully in Java, Type 1 drivers are not

portable.
2. Due to bridge, slowest of all driver types. 3. Not good for the Web.

Type 2 JDBC Driver

Native-API/partly Java driver Converts JDBC calls into database-specific calls.

This driver is specific to a particular database.

Example: Oracle will have oracle native api.

Type 2 JDBC Driver

Advantage 1. Better performance than the JDBC-ODBC Bridge

2. it uses Native api which is Database specific.

Disadvantage 1. Native API must be installed in the Client System hence cannot be used for the Internet. 2. Its not written in Java Language which forms a portability issue. 3. If we change the Database we have to change the native api as it is specific to a database

Type 3 JDBC Driver

All Java/Net-protocol driver Type 3 database requests are

passed through the network to the

middle-tier server. The middle-tier then translates the request to the database.

Type 3 JDBC Driver

Advantage 1. This driver is server-based, so there is no need for any vendor

database library to be present on client machines.

2. Fully written in Java and hence Portable.

3. It is suitable for the web.

4. The net protocol can be designed to make the client JDBC

driver very small and fast to load.

Disadvantage It requires another server application to install and maintain.

Type 4 JDBC Driver

Native-protocol/all-Java driver The Type 4 uses java networking libraries to communicate

directly with the database server.

Type 4 JDBC Driver

Advantage 1. 1. Completely written in Java to achieve platform independence 2. It is most suitable for the web. 3. Number of translation layers is very less i.e. they don't have to

translate database requests to ODBC or a native connectivity

interface or to pass the request on to another server.

Disadvantage
With type 4 drivers, the user needs a different driver for each database.

Seven Basic Steps in Using JDBC

1. Load the driver

2. Define the Connection URL

3. Establish the Connection

4. Create a Statement object

5. Execute a query

6. Process the results

7. Close the connection

JDBC: Details of Process: Step 1

1. Loading the driver
public static Class forName (String className)

throws ClassNotFoundException Example:

try { Class.forName("sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver"); //Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver");
} catch(ClassNotFoundException e) { }

JDBC: Details of Process : Step 2

2. Define the Connection URL
String URL= "jdbc:odbc:test (test is DSN)

JDBC: Details of Process : Step 3

3. Establish the Connection
public static Connection getConnection (String url, String user, String password) throws SQLException

Connection con =
DriverManager.getConnection(URL);

JDBC: Details of Process : Step 4

4.

Create a Statement

public Statement createStatement() throws SQLException

Statement stat = con.createStatement();

JDBC: Details of Process : Step 5

5. Execute a Query
public ResultSet executeQuery (String sql) throws SQLException

String query = "SELECT * FROM sometable";

ResultSet rs= stat.executeQuery(query);

JDBC: Details of Process : Step 6

6. Process the Result
while (rs.next()) { s.o.p(rs.getString(2); }

Values of second column are retrieved using getString() method.

JDBC: Details of Process : Step 7

7. Close the Connection
con.close();

JDBC Class Usage

DriverManager

Driver

Connection

Statement

ResultSet

The Driver Manager

The driver manager sits between the JDBC application and one or more JDBC drivers. DriverManager establishes connection & returns connection object.

Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(URL);

Making a Connection
There are several getConnection() methods on DriverManager with

different argument lists.

One of them is: static Connection getConnection(String url) If you are using a non-default DB account and password, use instead: static Connection getConnection(String url,

String username, String password)

Statement
A Statement object is used for executing a SQL statement and obtaining the results produced by it.

Statement Methods
ResultSet executeQuery(String)
Execute a SQL statement that returns a single ResultSet.

int executeUpdate(String)
Execute a SQL INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement. Returns the number of rows changed.

boolean execute(String)
Execute a SQL statement that may return multiple results.

ResultSet
A ResultSet provides access to a table of data generated by executing a Statement. Only one ResultSet per Statement can be open at once. The table rows are retrieved in sequence. A ResultSet maintains a cursor pointing to its current row of data.

The 'next' method moves the cursor to the next row.

ResultSet Methods
boolean next()
activates the next row the first call to next() activates the first row returns false if there are no more rows

void close()
disposes of the ResultSet

ResultSet Methods
Type getType(int columnIndex) returns the given field as the given type fields indexed starting at 1 (not 0)

Type getType(String columnName)

same, but uses name of field int findColumn(String columnName) looks up column index given column name

ResultSet Methods
String getString(int columnIndex)

boolean getBoolean(int columnIndex)

byte getByte(int columnIndex) short getShort(int columnIndex) int getInt(int columnIndex) long getLong(int columnIndex)

float getFloat(int columnIndex)

double getDouble(int columnIndex)

ResultSet Methods
String getString(String columnName)

boolean getBoolean(String columnName)

byte getByte(String columnName) short getShort(String columnName) int getInt(String columnName) long getLong(String columnName)

float getFloat(String columnName)

double getDouble(String columnName)

PreparedStatement
It has set of methods that can be used for sending queries with input parameters. PreparedStatement stat = con. PreparedStatement( Select

* from publication where pub_id=?)

The symbol ? is replaced by input parameter at run time.

Simple JDBC example

import java.sql.*; public class JdbcExample { public static void main(String[] args) { int i; Connection con = null; // register jdbc driver try { Class.forName("sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver"); } catch(ClassNotFoundException e) { System.out.println(e); }

// connect to DB

try{
con = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:odbc:my_database"); } catch(SQLException se) {

System.out.println(se);
} System.out.println("connection is successful!!!");

try{
String selectSQL = "select ID, NAME, ADDRESS from tb_address"; Statement stat = conn.createStatement(); ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(selectSQL);

while(rs.next()){
System.out.println("ID: " + rs.getString(1) + " NAME: " + rs.getString(2) + " ADDRESS:" +rs.getString(3));

}
stat.close(); } catch(SQLException se) {

System.out.println(se);
} }