Learner Readiness

Maslows Hierarchy & Piagets Cognitive Stages

Instructional Relationships
STUDENT OUTCOMES

Lesson Cycle

Teaching Style

Learning Style

Learning Environment

Dales Cone of Experience

After 2 weeks we tend to remember...
10% of what we read
20% of what we hear 30% of what we see

Nature of Involvement
Reading Hearing Words Looking at Pictures Verbal Receiving

Watching a Movie
50% of what we hear and see

Passive
Visual Receiving

Looking at an Exhibit Watching a Demonstration Seeing It Done on Location Participating in a Discussion Giving a Talk Doing a Dramatic Presentation Simulating the Real Experience

70% of what we say 90% of what we say and do

Receiving/ Participating

Active
Doing

Doing the Real Thing

Edgar Dale, Audio-Visual Methods in Teaching (3rd Edn.), Holt, Rinehart, and Winston (1969).

Learning Style Defined

Learning Style the composite of characteristics cognitive, affective, and physiological factors that serve as relatively stable indicators of how a learner perceives, interacts with, and responds to the learning environment (Keefe, 1979)

So What is a Learning Style?

Preferred way a student processes information. Refers to individual differences in how we perceive, think, solve problems, learn, and relate to others (Witkin, Moore, Goodenough, and Cox 1977)

Whos Got the Right Style?

INFORMAL Felder & Soloman Sensory Approach Keirsey - Personality Baxter Magolda Gregoric Mind Styles Witkin Perry Model Dunn & Dunn Kolb - Experiential Grasha Belenky Gardner - Multiple Intelligences Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Group Embedded Figures Test - GEFT

First Things First

A number of things must be considered before a students learning style can be an effective tool:
Students and Teachers Personality Students and Teachers Brain Dominance Students and Teachers Learning Style Students and Teachers Intelligences

Understanding Yourself and Others Personality Profile

by: Anita Reed

Personality Profile
There are no right or wrong or good or bad answers! If you score 9 or 10 or above, you are strong or high in that personality color. If you score 3, 2, or 1, you do not usually exhibit those personality characteristics If you score a split such as 7-7-7-8, you have a wonderful combination or could be termed wishywashy.

Personality Categories
People
Red Yellow

Green

Blue

Task

RED Characteristics
Descriptive Word: action Key Words: direct, frank, blunt, determined, want to win, goaloriented, high energy Jobs: work-a-holics, CEO, bottom-line Swing Set: Beat it to fit! Relationship: I married you didnt I Activities: skiing, golf, sports cars

YELLOW Characteristics
Descriptive Word: friendly Key Words: social, optimist, talk to anyone, happy, helper Jobs: PR, sales people, Wal-Mart greeter Swing Set: Lets have a party! Relationship: extravagant Activities: team sports, vans, group activities

GREEN Characteristics
Descriptive Word: organized Key Words: control, detail, precise, conservative, do it right Jobs: IRS, accountants, maids, Swing Set: Follow the instructions Relationships: structured Activities: score keepers, practical cars, thrifty vacations

BLUE Characteristics
Descriptive Word: misunderstood Key Words: sensitive, creative, artistic, affectionate Jobs: plumbers, artists, musicians Swing Set: creative twist Relationship: romantic, long walks, very loyal Activities: non-conflict, bird watching, pick-up or jeep

How do we use personalities as agricultural science teachers?

Brain Dominance Attributes

Left vs Right

Characteristics of Left
Work alone Step by step Details One task at time Independent Prefers options Not easily distracted
Does not mind criticism Likes to organize assignments Likes individual competition Analyze problemsthen make decision

What they like to ask?

Does spelling count? Should I skip lines? What are you really looking for? What comes first? Please check my work before I hand it in. Will this be on the test?

Characteristics of Right
Read overall idea, skip details Need to understand Write whole essay before the outline Let someone else go first Team competition Hard to take criticism Working with others Likes reward or verbal praise Often answers It depends Work on different things at same time

What they like to ask?

Why are we doing this? Not now! Ill do it later I need a break Dont touch things piled on my desk, I know where everything is. Lets work on two projects Why cant I skip around in the book?

Multiple Intelligences
What constitutes an intelligent person? What people are considered to be the most intelligent?

we are not all the same, we do not all have the same kinds of minds, and education works most effectively for most individuals ifhuman differences are taken seriously
(Gardner, 1995, p. 208)

Multiple Intelligences
Based on Gardners theory (1983) Based on notion that intelligence, based on IQ testing, is far too limited Proposes eight different intelligences to account for a broader range of human potential Theory suggests multiple ways the content may be taught to facilitate learning

Eight Ways of Knowing!

Multiple Intelligences Applied

Logical-Mathematical Intelligence
("number smart" or "logic smart")

Uses numbers, math, and logic to find and understand various patterns Begin with concrete patterns in the real world, but gets increasingly abstract as try to understand the relationships among patterns

Tend to think more conceptually and abstractly and often see patterns and relationships that others miss. Like to conduct experiments, to solve puzzles and other problems Enjoy working with numbers and math formulas Love the challenge of a complex problem to solve

("art smart" or "picture smart")

Visual-Spatial Intelligences

Represents the knowing that occurs through shapes, images, patterns, and designs we see Also includes the images we are able to conjure in our heads Tend to think in images and pictures

Very aware of objects, shapes, colors, and patterns Like to draw, paint, and make interesting designs and patterns Love to work jigsaw puzzles, read maps, and find their way around new places

("body smart" or "movement smart")

Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence

Learning by doing Knowing happens through physical movement and through the knowing of our physical body

Tend to have a keen sense of body awareness Like physical movement, making things with hands, role playing Like physical games Like to demonstrate how to do something Find it difficult to sit still for long periods of time

("music smart" or "sound smart")

Musical-Rhythmic Intelligence

Knowing that happens through sound and vibration Deals with the whole realm of sound, tones, beats, and vibrational patterns

Very sensitive to sounds in the environment Study and work better with music in the background Skilled at mimicking sounds, language accents, and speech patterns

("nature smart" or "environment smart")

Naturalist Intelligence

Knowing what occurs in and through our encounters with the natural world Involves species discernment, communion with the natural world, and ability to recognize and classify various fauna

Have a profound love for the outdoors, animals, and plants Fascinated by and noticeably affected by weather, changing leaves, sound of the wind, warm sun, or an insect in the room Have an affinity with respect for all living beings

("people smart" or "group smart")

Interpersonal Intelligence

The person-to-person way of knowing Knowing what happens when we work with and relate to people Develops a whole range of social skills

Learn through personal interactions Have lots of friends Love team activities Pull your own weight Sensitive to peoples feelings and ideas

Intrapersonal Intelligence
("self smart" or "introspection smart")

Self-reflective abilities Introspective intelligence Want to know the meaning, purpose, and significance of things Involves awareness of the inner world

Like to work alone Self-reflective and selfaware In tune with inner feelings Bear creative wisdom Strong willed, selfconfident, and have wellthought out opinions on almost any issue

("word smart" or "book smart")

Verbal-Linguistic Intelligence

Knowing that which comes through the language Understands the order and meaning of words

Have highly developed skills for reading, speaking, and writing Like various kinds of literature, playing word games, debating, and creative writing Love learning new words Comprehension of anything read is high

Learning Styles
The Receptive, Processing & Expressive Approach

Receptive Learning Styles

What is your preferred method of receiving information?
Auditory Visual Kinesthetic

Processing Learning Style

Once information is received, how does the learner process it?
Random

Sequential

Random/Seqential

Expressive Learning Style

One a learner receives and processes information, how is it expressed?
Movement Creativity Writing Thinking Speaking

Multiple Methods & Brain Physiology

The basics of Neurophysiology:
Neurons Axons Dendrites Synaptic Gaps Milan (Mo Milan = Mo Better)