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Containerization Container Container System Operation Sites Methodology Equipment Import / Export Cycle Tracking and Security Container Management Info. System (CMIS) Future
Containerization
1.
Purpose / Philosophy
Containerization
1.
2. 3.
Purpose / Philosophy
Evolution / History Advantages
Container
Container
Dry Bulk
General: Conventional
Container
General:
Conventional/Breakbulk
Container
Unitization
Palletization Jumboization Ro-Ro Lash Containerization
Unitization
Palletization
Jumboization
Ro-Ro
Lash Containerization
Unitization
Palletization Jumboization
Ro-Ro
Lash Containerization
Unitization
Palletization Jumboization Ro-Ro
LASH
Containerization
Unitization
Palletization Jumboization Ro-Ro Lash
Containerization
Philosophy of Containerisation
To reduce to absolute minimum
Containerization
1.
2.
Purpose / Philosophy
Evolution / History
3. Advantages
Containerization
1.
2. 3.
Purpose / Philosophy
Evolution / History Advantages
ADVANTAGES OF CONTAINERIZATION
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Reduced ship time in Port Better berth utilization Reduced time between producer and consumer Minimum physical handling of cargo less damage Good security less pilferage Protection against weather and other harmful atmosphere Less labour & staff cost Saving in packaging cost
Container
Definition
Physical Characteristics Types
Container : Definition
Rectangular Box
Weatherproof Safe and Secure
Standardized features
CONTAINER
Physical Characteristics
1. 2. 3. 4.
Container Types
1.
2.
3. 4.
5.
6.
Dry General Open Top Open Sided Open Top-open Sided Reefer Special
Tank Pen Car
Container Size
LENGTH : 20 FT 40 FT 8 FT 8 FT 6 INCH 9 FT 9 FT 6 INCH
WIDTH HEIGHT
: :
Container Weight
1. 2. 3.
Tare Weight
Container Markings
ALPHA NUMERICAL MARK
APLU 204151 2
Agent Code
Serial Number
Check Digit
Container Material
Steel
Aluminum FRP / Plywood
CONTAINER SYSTEM
1.
2. 3. 4.
Ship operation
Quay operation
Terminal
Container System
Container Cycle
Ship Operation
Quay Operation
Yard Operation
Ship Operation
Aim : To turnaround the vessel at the quickest possible time. Key Tasks Interpreting / making Bay Plan No. of cranes to be mobilized Discharging / Loading sequence Allocating jobs to Crane
20 feet Bays
40 feet Bays
20 40 feet bays
Row Numbering
Tier Numbering
Quay Operation
Aim: To keep pace with Ship Operation Key Tasks
Yard Operation
Aim: Receiving / Despatching containers sequentially and quickly Key Tasks Planning storage Yard Address Order of stacking Determining and allocating yard equipments
Feeder Terminal
Definition: Where vessels directly calling at POD/POO cannot be supported and so containers have to be handled through smaller vessels for connecting to mother vessels calling
at other Characteristics
ports/terminals
Shallow berth less then 10 m draft Low volume Poor/inadequate infrastructure/equipment Low productivity
Mainline Terminal
Definition: Where vessels calling directly at
Modestly high draft 12 m Quay length upto 300 m Good productivity 50-70 moves/vessel hour Sufficient exchange per call
HUB Terminal
Definition: Where mega ships (more than
Draft more than 14.5 m Quay length in excess of 330 m Equipped with many high capability quay cranes Large backup area (yard) more than 10000 tue cap. Good hinterland connectivity Productivity in excess of 120 moves/hour
delivery/shipment
To destuff LCL import containers and to provide space for their storage before delivery To receive and consolidate individual export consignments and stuff them as LCL cargo
Definition of FCL/LCL
FCL : Full Container Load LCL : Less than Container Load
Another 25 expected
Share of ICD Containers is 30% Expected to increase to 40%
CONTAINER METHODOLOGY
Systems for terminal operation
1.
2. 3.
Front Loader
Chassis
High More men / low skill Very good Low
Container damage
Maintenance Computerisations
Very Low
Very low Limited
High
Very high Medium
Medium
Low High
Container Equipment
Rail mounted Quay Gantry Crane
Straddle Carrier
Transtainer : RTG / RMGC Front Loader: Reach Stacker / TLT Spreader
Container Equipment
Rail mounted Quay Gantry Crane
Straddle Carrier
Transtainer : RTG / RMGC Front Loader: Reach Stacker / TLT Spreader
Container Equipment
Rail mounted Quay Gantry Crane
Straddle Carrier
Transtainer : RTG / RMGC Front Loader: Reach Stacker / TLT Spreader
Container Equipment
Rail mounted Quay Gantry Crane
Straddle Carrier
Transtainer : RTG / RMGC Front Loader: Reach Stacker / TLT Spreader
CONTAINER EQUIPMENT
SPREADER
1. 2. 3.
Receipt of containers at CFS/RCD Agencies involved - Concor, Port, Shipping Agent, Custom Documents required - Train Summery, Shipping Bill Movement of container to Terminal Agencies involved - Port, Shipping Agent, Custom Documents required - Load list, Shipping Bill Movement from Terminal to Shipside Agencies involved - Port Transporters, Shipping Agent. Documents required - Load list. Documents generated - Gate pass. Shipment of containers on vessel Agencies involved - Port's transporter, Port, Shipping Agent, Customs. Documents required - Load list. Documents generated - Tally sheet, Bay plan, Stowage plan. Unberthing and sailing of vessel. Agencies involved - Port, Shipping Agent, Customs. Documents required - Application for port clearance to customs, application to Sr. Dock Master for unberthing.
CONTAINER OPERATION - IMPORT CYCLE Application for Rotation No. Agencies involved - Ship Agent, Customs Documents required - Application with vessel details Registration of Vessel at Port Agencies involved - Ship Agent, Port Documents required - Application for registration, Ship Registry, P & I Cover, Safety Mngt. Certificate, Filing of Import General Manifest (IGM) at Port. Agencies involved - Ship Agent, Custom, Port Documents required - Hard and soft copy of IGM. Submission of Advance List, IGM and advance payment of container charges Agencies involved - Shipping Agent, Port Documents required - Advance list, IGM, Port payment receipts for containers. Documents generated - Vessel working permission. Discharging of import container and storage at CY. Agencies involved - Shipping Agent, Port, Port's transporter, Customs. Documents required - Advance list, IGM, Stowage plan, Bay plan. Documents generated - Discharge Tally Sheet / Yard Tally Sheet.
Berthing of Vessel Agencies involved - Shipping Agent, Port. Documents required - ISPS declaration, copy of P & I cover, application to Sr. Dock Master. Discharging of import container and storage at Pre-stack / CY. Agencies involved - Shipping Agent, Port, Port's transporter, Customs. Documents required - Advance list, IGM, Stowage plan, Bay plan. Documents generated - Discharge Tally Sheet / Yard Tally Sheet. Movement to CFS/RCD Agencies involved : Port, Shipping Agents, Customs Documents required : Advance list, Customs permission, Documents generated - Yard Tally sheet, Gate Pass Movement from CFS/RCD
Despatch of ICD containers by Rail Agencies involved : Port, Shipping Agents,Customs, Concor Documents required : SMTP, Railway indent
Delivery of container/cargo from CFS Agencies involved : Port, Shipping Agents,Customs, Importer Documents required : Bill of Lading, Bill of Entry
Tracking
T Card Batch Mode Real Time / Online Bar Code RFID GPS
Scanner:X-ray/gamma
Containerisation : Future
Container Volume:
(in M tues)
Global 20 230
330 420
2020
CAGR
700
6%
20.0
15%
Containerisation : Future
Container ship size
Year 1980 Generation Type of ship Cap. In tues 1st Semi contr, roro, Cellular upto 750
1985
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
2nd
3rd 4th 5th 6th Above 6th
Dedicated cellular
Sub panamax Panamax Post panamax Super post panamax ULCS / Mega
750 - 1500
1500-3000 3000-5000 5000-6000 6000-7500
Above 7500
Container: Future
Container productivity
(No.of moves)
Crane/hour 18 20 22 28 32 40
Container: Future
Container crane outreach
Year 1980
Across 9
1990
1995 2000 2005 2010
13
15 19 22 25